不同菌根类型树种对土壤微生物代谢活性及碳氮循环的影响.DOC

不同菌根类型树种对土壤微生物代谢活性及碳氮循环的影响 摘 要：不同菌根类型森林土壤碳(C)、氮(N)循环的差异已得到大量研究证明，但其作用机制尚不明确。本研究于2004年建立了中国东北温带主要树种同质园试验，包括2种丛枝菌根(AM)树种水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)、胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)与3种外生菌根(EM)树种白桦(Betula platyphylla)、落叶松(Larix gmelinii)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)纯林。我们测定了各个纯林的土壤微生物的β-1, 4-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)和β-1, 4-N-乙酰-葡糖氨糖苷酶(NAG)活性(分别用于获取C和N的胞外酶)和微生物代谢熵(qCO2单位微生物生物量的呼吸速率)以及与其相关的植被特性、土壤微生物特性、土壤理化因子等，旨在比较不同菌根类型树种对土壤C、N循环的影响，并探索其作用机制。结果表明在AM树种作用下，微生物可利用底物较多，土壤微生物对胞外酶的投资较小；在EM树种作用下，微生物可利用底物较少，微生物群落组成中真菌占比较高、对N酶投资更大。此外，由于EM树种纯林细根C/N较高，导致qCO2更高，从而降低了C利用效率，这可能不利于矿质土壤稳定有机质的形成。不同菌根类型树种通过改变土壤底物状况及pH等环境因子选择不同的微生物群落，进而改变土壤微生物代谢活性，这将进一步影响森林生态系统生物地球化学循环及其对全球变化的响应。本研究支持了资源分配理论，为基于菌根类型的养分经济模型提供了数据支持。 关键词：菌根；土壤C循环；土壤N循环；自由微生物；胞外酶；代谢熵 Effects of Different Mycorrhizal Tree Species on Microbial Metabolic Activities and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling Abstract: While it is well established that plant associating with different mycorrhizal fungi cycle carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in distinct ways, we have a limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This study was conducted at a common garden in northeastern China, with two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species (Fraxinus mandshurica and Juglans mandshurica) and three ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species (Betula platyphylla, Larix gmelinii, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica). We monitored the activities of β-glucosidase (BG), N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) and metabolic quotient (qCO2) in the five monocultures, as well as the related plant traits, soil microbial and physiochemical properties. The objectives of this study were to compare the different effects of different mycorrhizal tree species on soil C and N cycling and figure out the underlying mechanisms. Our results indicated that under the effects of AM tree species, the available substrate for microbes was abundant, and the investment for extracellular enzyme was lower than those under EM tree species; while under EM tree species, the substrate was less for microbes, and the pro