单词记忆策略之英语构词法.doc

英语构词法 一. 转化法 将一个单词由某种词性转化为另一种词性或几种词性（单词本身不变形）。单词转化前后意义联系紧密。以下分别就各种情况举例说明。如： 1）名词转化为动词。 Can you water the flower for me? We are all here to back you up. He shoulders the burden of the family. Their eyes mirrored their thoughts. Could you book a ticket for me? Please hand me that book. He nurses the wounded with care. I don’t know how to fish. I can handle it. We should face the trouble with courage. This ship is manned with 20 crews People in China often dress themselves in new clothes on Chinese New Year. The stadium can seat 30,000 people. Each apartment can house a family of six. The plane landed safely. Some goods can only be shipped by road. 2)动词转化为名词。 意义没有变化： have a look/rest/talk/try/smoke/dream/run/fight/ride/drink/shave/laugh,etc 意义有一定变化，但联系紧密。 He didn’t like the drink he had ordered. The judge sentenced him to death. He wants to be a cook when he grows up. What is TIME’s cover story this week? What is that terrible smell? 3) 形容词转化为动词。 Please slow down. I cannot keep up. This is the only way to narrow the difference between them. Please warm up the food before eating. Nothing dries sooner than a tear. You need to calm down. Please empty the room for our guests. They tried their best to free the poor people. He lowered his voice. 4）副词转化为动词。(较少见，了解即可) He wants to go abroad to further his study. The truth will out 5）形容词转化为名词。 Many years ago, blacks were looked down upon. He is our new chief. We need to have the ability to tell right from wrong. 6) 其他转化情况。 English is a must in the world nowadays. He has experienced a lot of ups and downs. 由以上例子可以看出，在记忆此类单词时，联系是法宝。要学会建立单词或意义之间的联系。 二. 合成词。（即复合词compound） 复合词是把两个或两个以上的词结合在一起构成一个新词。如： shoelace earthworm mainland overcoat pickpocket dining-car waterfall get-together homesick man-made evergreen first-class hard-working well-known underground blacklist full-time greenhouse outbreak brother-in-law easy-going halfway 这类单词在理解记忆中要使构成该合成词的各要素部分发建立联系。 此类构词法种类繁冗复杂，在此不再赘述。以下说几点注意事项。 1. 几种特殊的高考中常见的合成词。 1）形