现代汉语辞书单音节名词研讨.pdf

摘 要 摘 要 人和物皆有名，世间万物是通过名词的命名与语言对应联系起来的。本文研究的对 象主体就是名词中的一类—现代汉语单音节名词，以《现代汉语词典》为依据，对其中 的所有单音节名词做了穷尽式的语料收集、整理和分析。本文共分为五大部分，分别针 对现代汉语单音节词的总体概况、分类情况、语义层面、语用层面以及对现汉单音节名 词的思考这些方面进行了不同程度的讨论，侧重于中间的三个章节。对《现代汉语词典》 中单音节词的统计是一项庞大而艰难的工程，花费了近一个月的时间，总共收集到2941 条单音节词。这些词有些是平时经常会用到的，有些词则是较生僻的。针对所有的词， 按照义项数量的多少的标准进行类分类，结果显示现代汉语单音节词中单义词所占比例 最大，随着义项数的增加呈直线减少的趋势。针对部分的词，按照事物属性的标准进行 了分类，反映出在现代汉语单音节词这个大的集合中存在着各式各样的小团体，比如姓 氏、元素、动物、植物、地名等。单音节名词并不只是静止不动的事物名称，它们在语 义和语用层面上发挥着不可小视的作用，将部分单音节名词放到语义场、语料库、成语 中分析语义的走向，再把部分放到具体语境中与复音词、修辞手法相联系来探讨语言的 应用。文章的最后,结合现汉单音节名词与汉字独立性的特点,在字词关系和未来发展方 面进行了思考，得出结语。 关键词 现代汉语词典 现代汉语 单音节 名词 I Abstract Abstract Anything has its name and all the things link to a language through the way that named by nouns. The main study subject of this thesis is one class of nouns which is called Modern Chinese monosyllabic nouns. As the basis of Modern Chinese Dictionary, we collect, sort out and analyze all the monosyllabic nouns exhaustively. This thesis is divided into five parts that discuss the overview, the categories, the Semantic, the Pragmatic as well as the thinking about Modern Chinese monosyllabic nouns in varying degrees. And the discussion especially focuses on three intermediate chapters. Counting up the number of Modern Chinese monosyllabic nouns is rather an enormous and hard work to what that we spend nearly a month and collect 2941 words. Some of the words are usually used, but some are uncommon. In one hand, we classify all the monosyllabic nouns according to th