美国康法庭对我国解决医疗事故的启示.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 美国健康法庭对我国解决医疗事故的启示 （胡亚林 上海市康昕律师事务所 上海 200011） 摘要：本文介绍了美国健康法庭（health courts）的提出背景、主要特点和权利主张程序，并探讨了健康法庭特点之一的“可避免性标准”，介绍了该标准的含义和具体适用规则，即“替代治疗规则”和“事后评定规则”。本文最后提出可借鉴健康法庭和可避免性标准处理我国医疗事故。 关键词：健康法庭； 可避免性标准； 医疗事故 America Health Courts and Its Highlight on How to Deal with the Medical Disputes in Our Country （Hu Yalin KangXin Law Office, , Shanghai, 200011 ） Abstract: The paper introduces the background, characteristics and claims procedure of health courts in USA. And it also discusses the avoidable standard as one of the characteristics of health courts. The concept and concrete application have also been discussed , taken as alternative regulation and retrospective regulation. Finally, the paper suggests the health courts and avoidable standard could be used for reference in the field of medical malpractice in our country. Key words: health courts; avoidable standard, medical malpractic PAGE PAGE 8 一、健康法庭 （一）、健康法庭的提出背景 早在20世纪60年代前，美国就有医疗事故的报告，在七、八十年代中期爆发了医疗事故危机，医疗事故已经非常普遍。 Reed Neil Olsen , The Reform of Medical Malpractice: Law Reed Neil Olsen , The Reform of Medical Malpractice: Law Historical Perspectives ,American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Volume 55, Issue 3, Jul 1996,P.257-275. Janet M. Corrignan et al , Liability: Patient-Centered and Safety Focused, Nonjudicial Compensation, Fostering Rapid Advances in Health Care, National Academy Press 2002, p.82. Martin H. Redish Daniel J. La Fave, “Seventh Amendment Right to Jury Trial in Non-Article III Proceedings,”4 Wm. Mary Bill Rts. J. 407, 408 (1995). 70年代在美国，某些学者提出用行政赔偿制度取代侵权制度，80年代再次爆发医疗事故危机后，1988年美国医药协会提出运用行政赔偿处理医疗损害，从而取代侵权制度，这种方式类似劳工赔偿，当时该项倡议未被国会通过。 Kirk B. Johnson, et al., “A Fault-Based Administrative Alternative for Resolving Medical Malpractice Claims,” 1994 Kirk B. Johnson, et al., “A Fault-Based Administrative Alternative for Resolving Medical Malpractice Claims,” 1994. Martin H. Redish Daniel J. La Fave , “Seventh Amendment Right to Jury Trial in Non-Articl