哈尔滨医科大学系统解学内脏学.pptVIP

内脏学 Splanchnology Alimentary system Respiratory system Urinary system Genital system * 内脏 Viscera Male Genital system Female Genital system 胸膜pleura 纵隔mediastinum 腹膜peritoneum 会阴perineum Introduction But the viscera have some general features. 1.Lacations:within or near the important cavities. 2.Tube: each system has a tube with a opening. 3.The main functions of the viscera are fulfill the metabolism and maintain the life of the species. 一、内脏的一般结构 中空性器官Hollow organs 实质性器官Solid organs: Hilum 二、胸部的标志线 和腹部分区 4区或9区 左右侧髂结节连线 第10肋最低点连线 腹股沟韧带中点 消化系统 Alimentary System The alimentary system comprises the alimentary canal and the alimentary glands. The alimentary canal consists of the following parts: the mouth, the pharynx, the esophagus, the stomach, and small and large intestines. The alimentary glands contain the salivary glands, liver and pancreas. 消化管Alymentary Canal 消化腺Alymentary Gland 上消化道： 下消化道： 口腔、咽、食管、胃、十二指肠 空肠、回肠、盲肠、阑尾、结肠、直肠、肛管 大消化腺： 大唾液腺、胰、肝 小消化腺： 胃腺、肠腺 一、消化系统的组成 二、消化系统的功能： 摄取、消化、吸收、排出 Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Large intestine Liver Pancreas Major salivary glands 呼吸系统 Respiratory System The respiratory system includes the respiratory tract and lungs. The primary function of this system is to supply the body with oxygen and to get rid of excess carbon dioxide resulting from cell metabolism. 肺Lung 下呼吸道 :鼻Nose、咽Pharynx 、喉Larynx :气管Trachea和各级支气管 肺实质 肺间质 一、呼吸系统的组成 二、呼吸系统的功能 呼吸道Respiratory tract 上呼吸道 主要是气体交换 胸膜 Pleura 脏胸膜 ： Visceral pleura 壁胸膜： Parietal pleura 肺的表面 胸壁内面、膈上面 肋胸膜 膈胸膜 纵隔胸膜 胸膜顶 脏胸膜 壁（肋）胸膜 膈胸膜 纵隔胸膜 胸膜顶 一、区分 和纵隔表面 二、胸膜腔 Pleural Cavity 脏胸膜与壁胸膜之间的封闭的浆膜囊腔隙。 脏胸膜 壁胸膜 胸膜腔 肋膈隐窝 三、胸膜隐窝 Pleural Recesses 纵隔 Mediastinum 一、概念 是左右纵隔胸膜间全部器官、结构与结缔组织的总称。 二、区分 泌尿系统 Urinary System The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder and a single urethra. It functions to excrete the waste products. So as to