Notes Equilibrium Le Ch#226;telier’s Principle 注意平衡了CH与# 226；特利尔的原则.pptVIP

Notes: Equilibrium:Le Chatelier’s Principle (18.1 18.2) Topics: Reversible Reactions Equilibrium Constant Le Chatelier’s Principle Reversible Chemical Reactions Reversible Reactions: Reactions that can occur forward backward Forward: 2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g) Reverse: 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ← 2SO3(g) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ? 2SO3(g) or In a closed system, they reach equilibrium. Chemists need to predict and control changes in equilibrium. What is Chemical Equilibrium? Chemical reactions are reversible: Reactants Products At equilibrium, the two rates are equal the amounts of substances don’t change. Change conditions ? upset balance Concentrations change until the system comes to a new equilibrium. What is Equilibrium? Chemical Equilibrium is… State in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. Reversible Reactions The two equations can be combined into one, by using a double arrow, which tells us that it is a reversible reaction: 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ? 2SO3(g) A chemical equilibrium occurs, and no net change occurs in the actual amounts of the components of the system. Reversible Reactions Even though the rates of the forward and reverse are equal, the concentrations of components on both sides may not be equal An equlibrium position may be shown: A B or A B 1% 99% 99% 1% Note the emphasis of the arrows direction It depends on which side is favored; almost all reactions are reversible to some extent Le Chatelier’s Principle The French chemist Henri Le Chatelier (1850-1936) studied how the equilibrium position shifts as a result of changing conditions Le Chatelier’s principle: If stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system changes in a way that relieves the stress Le Chatelier’s Principle What items did he consider to be stress on the equilibrium? Concentration Temperature Pressure Concentration – adding more reactant pro