Population and Immigration人口与移民.ppt

Population and Immigration Chapter 14 The World’s Population Population growth rate prior to 1650 was two-thousandths of a percent per year In 1650 the world’s population was around 500 million By 1900 the growth rate was half of 1 percent with the world’s population at around 1 billion By 1940 the growth rate rose to one percent Today the world’s population is about 6,602,000,000 If the world’s population continues to grow at the present rate, it will double in a mere 45 years, thus creating major problems of migration, environmental pressure, and resource management Measures of Population Growth One measure of population growth is the crude birthrate - the number of births per 1,000 population The difference between the crude birthrate and the death rate is referred to as the rate of population growth (natural increase) As a whole, the world is not reproducing at a higher rate, but people are living longer Measures of Population Growth Most nations have a population growth rate of .1 percent to 3.0 percent Industrial nations are at the low end with developing nations at the high end of the growth rate In the near future, the population of less developed nations is likely to double Russia and many other European nations have been experiencing extremely slow or even negative rates of natural population increase The Demographic Transition Demographic transition is the process by which populations change through patterns of high-low birth rates and high-low death rates The first stage of demographic transition is when births and deaths cancel each other out and growth is slow First stage is associated with poor sanitation, disease, primitive farming, and lack of medical knowledge The Demographic Transition The second stage is associated with rising birth rates and declining death rates Rapid growth Improvements in sanitation Nutrition Medicine Occurred first in Northwest Europe Second stage is found in most developing nations today The Demographic Transition The thir