Plant water relations - F#237;sica do Solo, Dep Solos, UFSM植物水分关系F与# 237;该做的独奏,DEP独奏,ufsm.ppt

Plant water relations - F#237;sica do Solo, Dep Solos, UFSM植物水分关系F与# 237;该做的独奏,DEP独奏,ufsm.ppt

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Plantwaterrelations-F

* * * * * * * * * * * * * Environmental effects on stomatal conductance: Humidity Stomatal conductance increases with humidity at the leaf surface Porometers that dry the air can decrease conductance Porometers that allow surface humidity to increase can increase conductance. Environmental effects on stomatal conductance: CO2 Increasing carbon dioxide concentration at the leaf surface decreases stomatal conductance. Photosynthesis cuvettes could alter conductance, but porometers likely would not Operator CO2 could affect readings What can I do with a porometer? Water use and water balance Use conductance with Fick’s law to determine crop transpiration rate Develop crop cultivars for dry climates/salt affected soils Determine plant water stress in annual and perennial species Study effects of environmental conditions Schedule irrigation Optimize herbicide uptake Study uptake of ozone and other pollutants Case study #2 Washington State University wheat Researchers using steady state porometer to create drought resistant wheat cultivars Evaluating physiological response to drought stress (stomatal closing) Selecting individuals with optimal response Case study #3 Chitosan study Evaluation of effects of Chitosan on plant water use efficiency Chitosan induces stomatal closure Leaf porometer used to evaluate effectiveness 26 – 43% less water used while maintaining biomass production Case Study 4: Stress in wine grapes Indicator #3: Soil water potential Defines the supply part of the supply/demand function of water stress “field capacity” = -0.03 MPa “permanent wilting point” -1.5 MPa We discussed how to measure soil water potential earlier Applications of soil water potential Irrigation management Deficit irrigation Lower yield but higher quality fruit Wine grapes Fruit trees No water stress – optimal yield Appendix: Lower limit water potentials Agronomic Crops Summary Leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and soil water potential can all be powerful too

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