Precise Helium and Deuterium mass ratio精确的氦与氘的质量比.doc

Determination of the Helium-4 Mass in a Penning Trap Brunner, T. Engel, H. Klein, A. Schmitt and G. Werth Institut für Physik, Universit?t Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany Abstract We have measured the cyclotron frequencies of He+, H2+ and D2+ ions in a room temperature Penning trap. The resonances were detected destructively by a time-of-flight technique. The statistical uncertainty of the resonance frequencies was generally below 1ppm. A detailed account of measures to minimize systematic frequency shift is presented. Using the accepted values for the proton an deuteron mass we obtain a value for the 4He mass: M(4He) = 4.002 603 248 9 (22) (0.5 ppm). It is in agreement to the accepted value. PACS: 27.10.+h, 32.10.Bi, 7.75.+h Introduction The masses of atoms and nuclei represent one of the most fundamental properties of these systems. Their measurement has been pursued since a long time with increasing precision. A significant step towards higher accuracy has been the introduction of Penning ion traps [1,2] into mass spectrometry. Charged particles are confined by static electric and magnetic fields for very long times and their cyclotron frequency (c = (e/m)B in a strong magnetic field B is determined. The ratio of cyclotron frequencies of two different ions in the same magnetic field gives directly their mass ratio. The properties of Penning traps have been extensively treated in the literature [1,2]. In the ideal case the electric trapping potential has a quadrupolar shape (1) where d is a characteristic dimension of the trap and Vo the applied voltage between ring and endcap electrodes. The motion of a single particle of charge q and mass m in such a potential is given by three harmonic oscillations of frequencies (2) (3) (4) (z, (c′, (m are the axial, reduce