The Roadless Area Controversy Past, Present, and Future无路地区争议的过去，现在，与将来.docVIP

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The Roadless Area Controversy Past, Present, and Future无路地区争议的过去，现在，与将来.doc

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The Roadless Area Controversy Past, Present, and Future无路地区争议的过去，现在，与将来

The following article was presented by John K. H. Akers, Jr., Attorney at Law, at the Fiftieth Annual Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Institute (July 22, 23 24, 2004) See 50 Rocky Mt. Min. L. Inst. 21-1 (2004) OVERRIDING ROYALTY INTERESTS: PITFALLS, PRECEDENT, AND PROTECTION Synopsis § 21.01 Introduction [1] The Definition and Nature of an Overriding Royalty Interest [2] Other Forms of Nonoperating Interests § 21.02 “Extension or Renewal” Clauses Applicable to Overrides [1] Washout Protection in the Absence of an “Extension or Renewal” Clause [2] Washout Protection Under the “Oklahoma Rule” [3] Interpretation of the “Extension or Renewal” Clause in Other Jurisdictions [4] Miscellaneous “Extension or Renewal” Clause Cases [5] Application of the Rule Against Perpetuities §?21.03 Calculation of Overriding Royalty Interests §?21.04 Enforcement of Express and Implied Covenants by the Overriding Royalty Interest Owner [1] Enforcement of Implied Covenants as “Running With the Land” [2] Enforcement of Implied Covenants Arising Out of Express Covenants in the Assignment §?21.05 Pooling and Unitization §?21.06 The Nonoperating Interest and Bankruptcy §?21.07 Matters to Be Considered in Drafting an Assignment or Reservation of an Overriding Royalty Interest § 21.01 Introduction An adversarial relationship, the result of conflicting economic interests, exists between the operating and nonoperating interest owners in an oil and gas lease. Owners of operating interests, the cost-bearing working interest, must bear, in addition to the risks of geological misinterpretations, mechanical failures, environmental obstructionists, and confiscatory taxation, the financial burden of nonoperating interests. Owners of the latter, consisting of overriding royalty interests, production payments, net profits interests, and the like, expect their allotted share of oil and gas free of the expense of exploration, development, and operation-“freeloaders” as perceived by the burdened operating int