英语阅读ppt课件.ppt

Children’s cognitive development pre-operational stage Egocentric At the mercy of : controlled by Drifting in an open boat, at the mercy of the elements. Immediate perception Concrete operational stage Structured thinking Other Words Be geared at, ethical, hinge on, motivation=motive=drive=purpose, market, conference, consultancy, venue, peer group, sinister=malicious=sinful=evil=wicked, backdrop, cognitive development, syllogism, sales pitches, concede, stringent, overt, exacerbate, sheltered, plague, extol=praise, accentuate=stress=emphasize Unit 7 Postmortem with Strings Information Related to the Text About the Author born in Salzburg, 27 January 1756; died in Vienna, 5 December 1791) son of Leopold Mozart, he showed musical gifts at a very early age, composing when he was five and when he was six playing before the Bavarian elector and the Austrian empress. Leopold felt that it was proper, and might also be profitable, to exhibit his childrens God-given genius (Maria Anna, ‘Nannerl’, 1751-1829, was a gifted keyboard player): so in mid-1763 the family set out on a tour that took them to Paris and London, visiting numerous courts en route. Mozart astonished his audiences with his precocious skills; he played to the French and English royal families, had his first music published and wrote his earliest symphonies. The family arrived home late in 1766; nine months later they were off again, to Vienna, where hopes of having an opera by Mozart performed were frustrated by intrigues. 　1756年1月27日生于奥地利萨尔茨堡粮食街9号，1791年12月5日卒于维也纳，终年35岁。 　　奥地利作曲家，3岁会弹钢琴，6岁开始作曲。欧洲维也纳古典乐派的代表人物之一，作为古典主义音乐的典范，他对欧洲音乐的发展起了巨大的作用。莫扎特一共创作了22部歌剧、41 部交响乐、42部协奏曲、一部安魂曲以及奏鸣曲、室内乐、宗教音乐和歌曲等作品。 莫扎特在海顿等古典主义早期作曲家的基础上，将钢琴协奏曲这一体裁发展到了一个前所未有的高峰。他作有29部加K.107三首钢琴协奏曲，他对于欧洲器乐协奏曲的发展同样作出了杰出的贡献。 歌剧是莫扎特创作的主流，他与格鲁克(Gluck)、瓦格纳(Wagner)和威尔第(Verdi)一样，是欧洲歌剧史上四大巨子之一。他又与海顿、贝多芬一起为欧洲交响乐写下了光辉的一页。另外，他的《安魂曲》也成为宗教音乐中难能可贵的一部杰作。 作为18世纪末时的欧洲作曲家，莫扎特的音乐深刻地反映了这个时代的精神，尤其是体现在歌剧作品中的市民阶层的思想，无疑在当时具有进步的意义。莫扎特