外文翻译CHINASNEWROLEINAFRICAppt课件.ppt

根据三原色原理叠加后的单色形成了第三种颜色并脱离了原本的单色颜色更加丰富象征着产品在原有空间的组合中产生了突破性的变化 CHINA’S NEW ROLE IN AFRICA Ian Taylor School of International Relations, University of St Andrews From China’s New Role in Africa, published by Lynne Rienner Publishers this year Material and ideas based on fieldwork and interviews I conducted in: Botswana, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia The Gambia, Mauritius, Namibia Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe China (Beijing and Hong Kong) London and Washington, DC. CONTENTS OF BOOK 1. CHINA’S AFRICA POLICY IN CONTEXT 2. OIL DIPLOMACY 3. THE IMPACT OF CHEAP CHINESE GOODS 4. THE ISSUE OF HUMAN RIGHTS 5. ARMS SALES 6. PEACEKEEPING IN AFRICA 7. WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN? OIL Oil dominates the profile of Africa’s exports to China (around 70%) China’s dependence on imported oil rose to 47% of annual demand, an increase of 4.1 percent since 2005 - expected to rise to around 60% by 2020 FIVE KEY WAYS BEIJING SEEKS TO LESSEN PRESSURE Increased energy conservation (this will only moderate growth in consumption) Fuel switching—reducing the dependence on imported fuels by switching to renewable energy and coal, of which China has large domestic reserves (but the environment…) Increase in domestic oil production by seeking out new resources and exploiting existing ones more efficiently (there have been new discoveries within China but not enough to satisfy demand). Beijing encourages national oil companies (NOCs) to increase purchases in international oil markets Beijing facilitates acquisition of oil reserves abroad through “sweetener deals” with foreign governments However, liberalization has resulted in a shift of power away from Beijing toward NOCs The ability by Beijing to tell the NOCs what to do is limited Question: Are particular ventures a result of Beijing directing an NOC or the NOC seeking diplomatic assistance once it has identified a target oilfield? China lacks a central ministeria