大学化学专业ppt课件4地球的辐射平衡和温室效应英文版精编整理.pptVIP

SECTION 3 Radiation balance ;For a black body, the peak wavelength of the radiation is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature (Wein’s Law): ; The sun is a very hot body; its peak wavelength is 483 nm, corresponding to a temperature of 6,000 K. Most of its rays fall between 400 and 700 nm, in the region of visible light; these wavelengths are visible because our eyes have evolved in response to sunlight. Earth emits radiation with a peak wavelength of about 10,000 nm, corresponding to an average temperature of 288 K. Thus, while Earth absorbs radiation mainly in the visible region, characteristic of the high temperature at the surface of the sun, it gives off radiation in the infrared region, which corresponds to the much longer wavelengths characteristic of Earth’s cooler surface temperature. ;3. Can the energy balance be affected by human energy consumption? ; Thus, direct heating of the planet through our increasing use of energy is not likely to become a serious problem. More serious is the potential for altering Earth’s temperature indirectly through changes induced by human activity in either the albedo(反照率) or the greenhouse effect. These matters are considered in the following sections. ;The actual flows of energy through the atmosphere are quite complicated. Figure 2.2 shows the planet’s inputs and outputs of energy in units of 1020 kJ per year. About 54.4 units of solar energy impinge(撞击) on Earth and its atmosphere, but about 16.3 units(30 percent) are reflected to space, exerting no influence on Earth’s heat balance. Most of this light is reflected by clouds and the atmosphere; a smaller amount(2.2 units) is reflected by Earth’s surface. The remaining 38.1 units (70 percent) are absorbed, 13.0 units (24 percent) by the atmosphere and clouds, and 25.1 units (46 percent) by Earth’s surface.;54.4=14.1+13.0+27.3;SECTION 4 Greenhouse effect;The answer is that the major atmospheric gases are unable to absorb infrared light. They do not meet t