春 夏大白菜品种筛选及其关键栽培技术分析-screening of spring and summer chinese cabbage varieties and analysis of their key cultivation techniques.docxVIP

VVIIplant, and its yield was 3564kg /667 m2, but its net rate was lower than the others. The highest newel of cabbage was treated by kalium fertilizer.1.3 The effect of cold resistance of cabbage by exogenous ABA4 varieties of cabbages were treated by exogenous ABA, the activities of SOD and POD were enhanced. The content of dissolvable sugar were raised except ‘Yin 13’. The content of dissolvable protein has no obvious change. The content of proline were remarkable higher than the contrast.New varieties screening of cabbages for summer cultivation and the key cultural techniques of‘Yin 21’survey of bacterial soft rot25 varieties were screened for summer cultivation,12 of them were bacterial soft rot resistance, they were ‘Yin 1, Yin 5, Yin 13, Yin 14,Yin 19 and Yin 30.’The growth influencing of‘Yin 21’ by different cover methods‘Yin 21’ was chose from the 4 good varieties for test material, it was researched by the cover methods of overshadow net, , new plastic film with mothproof net and normal. Former plastic film with mothproof net was the best one, its disease rate was 15.26% which is the lowest one, its net yield was high which is 3587.1kg /667m2.Key words: cabbage variety screening cultural factors ABAIII PAGE PAGE 101 文献综述1.1 植物耐寒性的生理生化特性1.1.1 低温对作物酶活性的影响在低温条件下，作物对氧气的利用率降低，在代谢过程中多余的氧气被转化 成活性氧，它对作物具有毒害作用。多余的氧气对作物存在毒害作用，需要通过作物的抗氧化系统及时的清除。作物体内的两大类活氧清除剂为抗氧化剂（包括GR、VtE、GSH、β-胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸等）抗氧化酶（包括SOD、POD等）。 作物在低温逆境条件下，首先受损的是过氧化氢（H2O2）,这时有毒害的活性氧增加。在过氧化氢不多增多的同时，SOD会失去活性，活性氧清除体系遭到严重损坏。作物酶活性高低决定抗寒性的强弱。即作物的耐寒性越强酶活性越高[1-4]。1.1.2 低温对作物渗透调节物质的影响作物耐寒性与碳水化合物的积累关系密切，常表现为作物在低温下可溶性糖 积累越多那么耐寒性就越强。可溶性糖和氨基酸的积累不仅可以提高细胞的渗透势，使细胞的水势降低，从而减少水分的流失起到保水作用而且能够提供足够的 能源和底物，提高作物的耐寒性；可溶性糖的某些糖可以与细胞大分子相连接， 对酶和细胞膜起到了稳定的作用；脯氨酸能对作物的线粒体电子传递链起到保护作用，增加抗氧化酶好诱导蛋白等保护物质的含量，启动相关的代谢途径等[5]。 氨基酸含量与葡萄抗寒性呈显著正相关，寒性越强的品种，脯氨酸含量越高[6,7]蛋白质在低温下可在细胞外结冰脱水变性对细胞起到防护作用。脯氨酸促进蛋白质水合作用，使蛋白质亲水面积增加和可溶性蛋白增高，故在低温胁迫下， 作物耐寒性得到提高。蛋白质能够维持细胞的结构、物质的运输和渗透调节作用 等。耐寒性强的品种可溶性蛋白含量越高 [8]。1.2 植物激素与耐寒性大白菜是半耐寒性植物，其生长要求温和冷凉的气候，幼苗期对温度变化有 较强的适应性，可耐-2℃