肾髓质PGE2及肾素受体在糖尿病肾病和高血压中的作用ppt课件.pptVIP

行业处理客户投诉的技巧课件神经内科医疗质量及管理规范神经疾病病情观察及能力培养社区老年痴呆的全科诊疗身边的侵害和保护少先队礼仪文化知识培训 Interaction between Renal Medullary PGE2 and (P)RR in Diabetic Nephropathy and Hypertension Tianxin Yang1,2 and Weidong Wang1 1Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine; 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Prevalence of CKD CDC 2010 Incident Rate of ESRD NIDDK 2010 ESRD Costs NIDDK 2010 Diabetes Hypertension Glomerulonephritis PKD Kidney stones Drugs RAS Proteinuria Podocyte damage Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy Nearly 26 million Americans have diabetes, according to new estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In addition, an estimated 79 million U.S. adults have prediabetes, a condition in which blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Prediabetes raises a persons risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke. Diabetes affects 8.3 percent of Americans of all ages, and 11.3 percent of adults aged 20 and older, according to the National Diabetes Fact Sheet for 2011. About 27 percent of those with diabetes—7 million Americans—do not know they have the disease. Prediabetes affects 35 percent of adults aged 20 and older. National Diabetes Fact Sheet for 2011, CDC The overall prevalences of total diabetes (previously diagnosed plus previously undiagnosed diabetes) and prediabetes were 9.7% and 15.5%, respectively. In the multivariable, multinomial, logit models, male sex, older age, a family history of diabetes, overweight, obesity, central obesity, increased heart rate, elevated systolic blood pressure, elevated serum triglyceride level, educational level below college, and urban residence were all significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes and prediabetes. Yang et al N Eng J Med 2010 Epidemiology Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of chronic kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease in the United States, accounting for 44% of