Skeletal System - Thomas Jefferson University：骨骼系统-托马斯.pptVIP

There are several commonly encountered forearm fractures. These are 2 of the most severe, Monteggia and Galezzi fractures. A Monteggia fracture involves a proximal ulna fracture and radial head dislocation. This injury usually requires open surgical exploration with careful reduction of the radio-capitellar joint, followed by fixation. A Galezzi fracture is similar but occurs at the opposite end of the forearm. It involves an unstable radius fracture and a complex disruption of the radioulnar joint. This injury almost always requires operative repair, often with wire fixation of the radioulnar joint and possible repair of the ligament and styloid process. An above the elbow cast is then applied for 6 weeks. * Some other common forearm fractures include a night-stick fracture which describes an isolated fracture of the ulna. Treatment for this injury is usually a short period in a long arm cast followed by functional bracing. If the ulnar fragments are severely displaced, compression plating may be necessary. Another common forearm fracture is a Colles fracture. This is a fracture that usually occurs due to a fall on an outstretched hand with wrist extended. It is a type of distal radius fracture. Treatment is usually closed reduction with casting. A greenstick fracture is a type of fracture that can occur with most of the bones of the arms or legs, but which frequently occurs with radius injuries. It is most common in children. It involves a fracture that extends partially through the bone, leaving the opposite side of the bone bent. * Fracture of the scaphoid bone is a significant fracture, constituting approximately half of all isolated carpal bone fractures. It often presents with snuff box tenderness. The most common location for fracture is the waist of the scaphoid, occurring about 75% of the time, followed by the proximal pole at 20% , and the distal pole at about 5%. This is significant because the blood supply to the scaphoid bone comes