ke初中英语之非谓语动词.docVIP

非谓语动词 一、动词不定式（重点） 1、结构及特征：动词不定式的基本形式是to + 动词原形，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语动词不定式的用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。 1?作主语 ??? 例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或? It is not easy to learn English well. ??? 动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型： ??? It is + adj.+ 动词不定式 ??? 如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for?? ? It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth. 2）作表语My wish is to become a teacher. 3）作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches. 4）作宾语补足语He told me to be here on time. 5）作定语I have nothing to say about that thing. 6）作状语He stopped to have a look.[说明] 动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形构成 ??? 例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake. Tell him not to shut the window…　 典型例题Tell him ___ the window.　 　 A. to shut not　 B. not to shut　 C. to not shut　 D. not shut　　答案：B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine. ? (不定式作宾语)??????????? (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) ????????????(3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语)、省to 的动词不定式 1）使役动词 let, have, make：）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。　 I saw him dance. 　=He was seen to dance.　 The boss made them work the whole night. 　=They were made to work the whole night.3）would rather，had better + do He is too excited to speak. 2）enough to do：足以做 … The child is old enough to go to schooll. 3）Why not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不……? 　　　Why not take a holiday? 4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的 Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.  7、不定式的难点： 1）用作介词的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; devote oneself to 献身于；be/get used to 习惯等等。 2）Its for sb.和 Its of sb. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：　　 Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学