定语与名词从句.docVIP

名词性从句 that在名词性从句中在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词按其在从句中所起的作用分为： 1）连接代词：who(-ever), what(-ever), which(-ever), whom(-ever), whose 2）连接副词：when, where, why, how 3）连接词：that, whether, if 连接代词和连接副词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，而连接词在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。 1．主语从句 在主句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句，它位于主句的谓语动词之前。但实际使用中常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句移到主句之后。例如： Who will go makes no difference. It makes no difference who will go. That she was able to come made us very happy. It made us happy that she was able to come. 注意：由what, whoever, whatever, whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。 2．表语从句 位于主句中系动词之后，在主句中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。例如： One advantage of living in the country is that one can get close to nature. His mother was ill and he had to look after her. That was why he was late. 表语从句常见于be动词之后，有时见于look之后；引导表语从句的连接词除前面所列的常用词之外，还可由because, as if/though引出。例如： He was late. That was because he had to look after his sick mother. (=The reason was that he had to look after his sick mother.) It looks as if/though it is going to rain. They looked as if/though they had been friends for many years. 3．宾语从句 在主句中位于及物动词之后或少数介词之后、充当主句宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句中的that通常可以省略。例如： I doubt whether/if he will be against the idea. She will write a book on how young mother should raise their babies. I know nothing about him except that he lives next door. 当及物动词后跟两个(或两个以上)的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省去，后面从句中的that通常不省去。如： He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 跟在一些表示情感意义的形容词（如afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sorry, anxious, worried, surprised, disappointed等）或确信意义的形容词（如certain, sure 等）后的从句通常也被当作宾语从句对待，其中that也可以省略。例如： I’m not sure whether/if I can pass the exam successfully. 如果主句的谓语是make, find, feel, believe, think, suppose, consider, see to等常带有宾语补足语的动词，则通常在这些词后用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，其结构通常是“动词+it+宾补+宾语从句”。例如： He thought it a pity that he missed the film. We find it necessary that we (should) practise spoken English every day. 4．同位语从句 跟在名词后面、进一步说明该名词的具体内容的从句叫同位语从句。可以带同位语从句的名词主要是一些可加进具体内容的、表示信息、思想等概念的抽象名词，