增词与减词.pptVIP

英译汉的技巧 增词和减词 增词 为使译文通顺畅达，符合汉语表达习惯，英译汉时要增加必要的词语，现从语义、结构和修辞三方面加以说明： 减词 ????所谓减词，就是把原文中需要而译文中不需要的单词、词组等在翻译过程中加以省略。英语是形合语言，重形合(hypotaxis)，即词与词、分句与分句之间都用明确的关联词等语法词表示出来。汉语是意合语言，重意合(parataxis),即分句短语按顺序排列，少用关联词，少用关系副词等，往往比较简洁。因此在英译汉时，减词译法的使用也很普遍。我们将之分为语法减词，语义减词和修辞减词三类。 一）语法减词出于汉语简洁的习惯，在翻译时往往省略英文中必须有而汉语中可有可无的成分，如冠词、代词、关系副词、连词、系动词等。But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I am not able to change it.He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast upon his eyes, but said nothing.John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother.Bingley was so much delighted with the house that he agrees with Mr.Morris immediately. （二） 语义减词有时原文中的词汇冗余，有语义重复的现象，在翻译时往往采用省词译法或合词译法。He is a man of culture and learning. I hate all these hustle and bustle. （三）修辞减词为了使译文简洁不拖沓，取得好的修辞效果，有时省略原文中不必要的词汇，而用中文中的四字成语来翻译。 These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. So fine was the morning except for a streak of wind here and there that the sea and the sky looked all one fabric, as if sails were stuck high up in the sky, or the clouds had dropped down into the sea. * * 我曾看到大批头脑愚蠢，训练有素，唯命是从而又凶暴残忍的德国士兵，像一群蝗虫在蠕蠕行进。 I am looking forward to the holidays. 我在等待假日的到来． I saw the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the German soldiers plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts,… Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.??? 读书足以怡情、足以博采、足以长才。 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪． 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确． 　Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. One interesting study was successfully done with chimps. Six chimps were trained to operate a special vending machine. One ripe grape came out for each while token put into the slot. We think we have freed our slaves, but we have not. We just call them a different name.???  I wouldn’t have eaten it, only I’m too ladylik