推理判面面观.docVIP

推理判断面面观 　　[设题方式] 中国论文网 /1/viewhtm　　从题目的设置上，笔者认为“推理判断”类阅读理解题的设题形式主要有以下三种： 　　1. 推测作者写作目的或意图； 　　2. 推测文章的观点或结论； 　　3. 推断文章出处或结构。 　　推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。该题型要求通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化规律等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点，是不少同学感到很头疼的一类题。 　　[试题类型与方法点拨] 　　“推理判断类”阅读理解题可以分为四大类： 　　1. 细节推断题 　　该类试题要求考生根据语篇及逻辑联系，推断时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份等细节。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识来判断。 　　例1 （2015陕西卷） Kaith Robinson， the author of the study， said， “I really don’t know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids’ education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was parents’ help with homework.” Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task，“ They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now， or in some cases never learnt it themselves， but they’re still offering advice.” 　　Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general， about 20% of parental involvement was positive， about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant. 　　59. What is the major finding of Robinson’s study？ 　　A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way. 　　B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging. 　　C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected. 　　D. Parents are not able to help with children’s homework. 　　解析 C。本文介绍了最新的一项研究，发现父母帮助孩子完成作业或以其他形式参与到孩子的教育中会对孩子的学业产生不利影响。根据文中第四段In general， about 20% of parental involvement was positive， about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.中的数据可知，大约20%的父母参与是正面的，大约45%的父母参与是负面的。通过这些数据可得出结论：父母的参与没有想象中的那么有益。 　　点拨 同学们在完成此类题目时，应注意认真分析，排除干扰项。通常来说，干扰项有以下几大特点：（1）短文内容的简单重复，不是推理得出的结论；（2）与原文相悖的内容；（3）与常识相吻合，但文中找不到证据；（4）文章没有涉及，纯属主观臆断的结论。 　　2. 因果推断题 　　该类试题要求考生根据已知结果推测原因，需要考生准确理解文章的含义。 　　例2 （2015新课标Ⅰ卷?阅读理解D） Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening， as