典型地膜残留地区土壤重金属残留测定及其康风险评价.docVIP

典型地膜残留地区土壤重金属残留测定及其健康风险评价 　　摘要：本文以典型地膜残留区――河南省开封市郭庄西瓜种植区的土壤和农产品中重金属残留为研究对象，开展了重金属分布和污染的状况分析，并对食用西瓜引起的健康风险进行了评价.结果表明：土壤中Cd的含量是国家标准值的3.25倍，处于中度污染级别，且还存在一定程度的Pb污染；由膳食途径所致的健康风险评价中，化学致癌物质Cr的年健康风险值较大，为4.39×10-3 a-1，高于国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受风险水平（5×10-5 a-1）.化学致癌重金属的个人年风险占总年风险的87.7%，且与非致癌重金属的个人年风险值相差4个数量级，这表明开封县西瓜中的重金属对人存在一定的健康风险. 中国论文网 /1/viewhtm　　关键字：Cd污染；Pb污染；重金属；重金属残留 　　Abstract： In this paper， a field survey on the distribution of heavy metals and pollution situations in soils and agricultural products at area of Guo Zhuang was carried out to evaluated the health risk caused by heavy metals residues. The Guo Zhuang is a typical area with heavy metals containing plastic film residue pollution in Kaifeng of Henan province and watermelon was the main agricultural products herein. The heavy metals analysis results showed that the contents of Cd in soils is 3.25 times of the national standard value， which was at the moderate pollution level. Besides， there is also a certain degree of Pb pollution. In the health risk assessment caused by dietary approaches， Cr （a chemical carcinogen） has a higher value of annual health risk of 4.39×10-3 a-1， which is higher than the maximum acceptable risk level （5×10-5 a-1） recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection （ICRP）. The personal annual risk of chemical carcinogenic heavy metals accounted for 87.7% of the total annual risk， and differed 4 orders of magnitude from the non-carcinogenic heavy metals， indicating that there is a certain health risk of the heavy metals in soils and agricultural products at area of Guo Zhuang. 　　Keywords： Cd pollution； Pb pollution； heavy metal； heavy metal residue 　　随着科学技术的发展，土壤的生态安全也在面临新的挑战.自20世纪80年代开始，为了增产增收，我国开始应用并推广使用从日本引进的塑料农用地膜覆盖栽培西瓜技术.尽管地膜的覆盖在一定程度上大大提高了农产品的丰收率，但不容忽视的是，薄膜技术的应用也给农业带来了相关的环境污染问题――土壤重金属污染 [1-6].重金属难降解、易富集的特征，使得重金属在土壤中积累和在作物体中富集，严重影响了作物的生长和品质，并通过食物链进入动物和人体，使人体产生慢性中毒，对人类的健康和生存构成威胁 [7].如Cd在体内滞留时间长，人体骨骼中的滞留半衰期是38 a-1，具有致癌性[8].Cu是人体必需的微量元素，但是过量地摄入则会对人体许多器官产生