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过去完成时基本结构：主语+had + 过去分词+其他时间状语：before, until, by the end of last year，as soon as As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books将来完成时基本结构：主语+be going to/will/shall + have+过去分词+其他时间状语：by the time of; by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.现在完成进行时基本结构：主语+have/has +been +doing+其他时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。I have been sitting here for an hour.The children have been watching TV since six oclock.过去完成进行时结构：sb had been doing sth通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成。 Up to that time he had been translating those books.（He was still translating at “that time”.） 不过这种时态并不一定表示这个过去动作将持续下去： He came back at seven. He had been waiting for her two hours.（At seven he did not wait any more.） 将来完成进行时构成：主语+ shall/will have been doing I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.The play is coming off in August. By then the play will have been running for three months.过去将来进行时基本结构：should(would)+be+现在分词 主要用宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。 He asked me what I should be doing at six the next day. (用于间接引语中）The new job he would be taking was raising racing horses. （用于定语从句中）过去将来完成时基本结构：should / would have done sth. 1. 在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作。He told them he would have finished it by 8 oclock.2. 过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。 过去将来完成进行时结构：用于第一人称：should+have been+现在分词用于其他人称：would have been+现在分词