第二真核微生物的形态 结构和功能95.pptVIP

Food related yeasts (7) Kloeckera （克勒克酵母属） This group can both involve in the fermentation and oxidation ，usually grows on fruit the contaminated by the fruit flies .Some species can leads to the abnormal smell or turbidity of alcoholic beverages . (8)Mycoderma（醭酵母属） Form a thick layer of mycoderm（pellicle）floated above the beer，vinegar，sauerkraut ,fruit juice and their product. Food related yeasts (10)Rhodotorula（红酵母属） Widely existed in the environment，many can produce red pigment on food or medium，Some species can cause human and animal diseases. (9)Pichia （毕赤氏酵母属） Contaminative fungi of alcohol industry，always form a layer of white， dry pellicle . Many species can form pseudohyphae and produce ascospore，has weak ability of catalyzing (assimilating) carbohydrates，don’t produce ethonal. * * 菌丝分隔·分生孢子梗分枝，顶端产生分生孢子。分生孢子单细胞，梨形。菌落呈奶油色泽，时间长后，为干燥粉末状。 已经报告该菌能在O~C以下生长，常在冷藏肉中形成白色 斑点。 food related molds—sporotrichum (侧孢霉属) S．Carnis 肉色侧孢霉 Conidium 分生孢子 Conidiophore 分生孢子梗 Cause the deterioration of vegetables and fruit conidium conidiophore 形状大小不定，数个连接成链，暗褐色，有纵横隔膜，呈壁砖状。 大多数不分支，较短，单生或成簇，暗褐色。 Food related molds——Alternaria（交链孢属） septate mycelium Food related molds——Botrytis （葡萄孢霉） conidiophore conidium 分生孢子梗顶端形成树枝状分支，分支顶端细胞常常膨大，在短的小梗上着生分生孢子，如一串葡萄。 卵圆形，无色或暗褐色。 常产生外形不规则的黑色菌核（sclerotium）。 分布在许多植物和植物食品上，形成一层“灰色霉”，引起水果、蔬菜的腐败。 Food related molds——Trichoderma（木霉属） Spherical or elliptical（oval），smmoth or rough，yellow-green conidia Colorless hypha，with septa and branches ，produce chlamydospores Bottle-like sterigme 瓶状小梗 Spore head gathered（conglutenated） by mucus（slime） Food related molds——Trichoderma（木霉属） Colony grows rapidly，like cotton fibre（棉絮状），white at first，later become green。Spore-producing area takes on（has） concentric circles Sone species has cellulolytic activity，therefore can be used to produce cellulase to manufacture sugars with cellular waste（下脚），starch processing and food processing Moldy grain，fruit and vegetables Mildew and rot of cellular mate