有机化合物和基团的命名 ppt.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The three possibilities are designated ortho 邻位 (abbreviated o-) meta间位 (abbreviated m-) para对位 (abbreviated p-), e.g. , m-xylene (C6H4(CH3)2). Numbers are also used to show the positions of substituents in aromatic compounds. Unless there is no question of what the structure is, as in hexachlorobenzene, numbers are always used to locate the substituents when three or more are present in the ring. The benzene molecule less one hydrogen atom is known as the phenyl group, C6H5. e.g. diphenylmethane (C6H5)2CH2. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contain two or more aromatic rings fused together. (“Fused”熔合的rings have in common a bond between the same two atoms. ) e.g. naphthalene 萘 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene 1，4－二甲基萘 anthracene 蒽 phenanthrene 菲 naphthalene anthracene Serveral resonance forms can be written for each of these compounds. Numbers are assigned by convention惯例 to carbon atoms in fused熔合的ring systems (except to those at the points of fusion, where substitution is not possible). The location of substituents are identified确定by the assigned numbers. 3. nomenclature for functional groups 官能团的命名 halo (-X), 卤素 hydroxyl (-OH), 羟（基）氢氧基 alkoxy (--OR), 烷氧基 amino [-NR3; RnNH3-n, a primary (n = 1) or secondary (n = 2) or tertiary amine (n=3)] 氨基[-NR3; RnNH3-n, 伯(n = 1)或仲(n = 2)或叔胺(n=3)] aldehyde or formyl (-CHO), 醛基或甲酸基 carbonyl or keto or oxo (-CO-),碳酰基（羰基），酮类的，含 氧的 carboxyl (-COOH), 羧基 amido (-CONH2), 酰胺基 carboxyl halide (-COX), 卤化酰 anhydride (-COOCOR), 酐 ester (-COOR), 酯 nitro (-NO2）， 硝基 nitroalkane (R-NO2), 硝基烷 sulfonic acid (-SO3H;R-SO3H), 磺酸 cyano (-CN; nitrile腈 R-CN), 氰基 1．Translate the technical terms in the text into Chinese by referring to relevant dictionaries. 2．01，05 (51) 三、课后作业 01 What is the name of the international body that de