Scoreboard-国立高雄大学-资讯工程学系.PPT

Chap. 3 -ILP 1 A.8 Dynamic Scheduling with a Scoreboard 吳俊興 高雄大學資訊工程學系 October 2004 Dynamic Scheduling Out-of-order execution divides ID stage: 1. Issue—decode instructions, check for structural hazards 2. Read operands—wait until no data hazards, then read operands Scoreboards allow instruction to execute whenever 1 2 hold, not waiting for prior instructions. A scoreboard is a “data structure” that provides the information necessary for all pieces of the processor to work together. responsible for instruction issue and execution and hazard detection sufficient resources and no data dependence We will use In order issue, out of order execution, out of order commit ( also called completion) First used in CDC6600. Our example modified here for MIPS. CDC had 4 FP units, 5 memory reference units, 7 integer units. MIPS has 2 FP multiply, 1 FP adder, 1 FP divider, 1 integer. Figure A.51 Basic structure of a MIPS processor with a scoreboard Scoreboard Implications Out-of-order completion = WAR, WAW hazards? Solutions for WAR Queue both the operation and copies of its operands Read registers only during Read Operands stage For WAW, must detect hazard: stall until other completes Need to have multiple instructions in execution phase = multiple execution units or pipelined execution units Scoreboard keeps track of dependencies, state or operations Scoreboard replaces ID, EX, WB with 4 stages Four Stages of Scoreboard Control 1. Issue —decode instructions check for structural hazards (ID1) If a functional unit for the instruction is free and no other active instruction has the same destination register (WAW), = the scoreboard issues the instruction to the functional unit and updates its internal data structure. If a structural or WAW hazard exists, = then the instruction issue stalls, and no further instructions will issue until these hazards are cleared. Four Stages of Scoreboard Control 2. Read operands —wait until no data hazards, then read operands (ID2) A source