数据采集工具 Tools of Data Collection.ppt

sgisave@ Tools of Data Collection By, S.G.Isave, Assistant Professor, Tilak College of Education, Pune - India Tools Questionnaire Interview schedule observation Interview schedule Meaning of Interview schedule One to one direct communication between researcher and subject for collection of data. Series of a questions to be asked in an interview is called interview schedule. Types of Interview schedule Structured (for research) Semi-structured ( flexible but structured) Non-directive ( free talk on issues) Focused ( in depth talk on an issue ) (Media) How to conduct an Interview Interview schedule should as per objectives. Planning of time, duration, place, mode of recording. Follow Formalities. Respect not to answer right of subject. Use of appropriate Language. Positive body language. Directing the interview. Questioning – proper stress and tone, use of sub questions if required. Limitations Hesitation to express Vague Time restrictions Less time for thinking Subjective Researcher’s influence Consciousness Manipulated/polished/sophisticated/socially accepted responses may be preferred. Questionnaire Meaning Series of questions in written form. Indirect interview Widely used tool When to use Objective tool Factual data required Large sample Minimum cost time Crossing Geographical limitations Types Open Close Mixed E-mail Web based Live Distance Development of Questionnaire Objectives Content analysis Combination of Types of questions. Sequence of questions. Statistical techniques. Questions- clear, correct, to the point, appropriate nos., Administration of Questionnaire Appointment Take in to confidence Instructions and expectation Tackling queries Postage Formalities Advantages of Questionnaire Objectivity Freedom to think Flexibility of time Free to answer. Limitations of Questionnaire Difficult to analyze. Environmental effects. Collection is a challenge Ambiguous Qualities of Good Questionnaire EXTERNAL - Instructions Primary Info