macromoecules大分子在物质.pptVIP

Four Levels of Protein Structure Tertiary Structure: Three dimensional folded structure due to attractions and repulsions between R groups Can involve covalent bonding hydrogen bonding ionic interactions hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions Hair Curling |S|S| |S|S| |S|S| |S|S| |S|S| StraightHair |S|S| |S|S| |S|S| |S|S| |S|S| NaturallyCurlyHair Four Levels of Protein Structure Quaternary Structure: Association of two or more protein chains eg. Hemoglobin is composed  of 4 protein chains 2 are called alpha  hemoglobin 2 are called beta  hemoglobin Denaturation of Proteins Disruption of secondary, tertiary or quaternary protein structure Caused by heat or changes in pH Irreversible, causes loss of protein function protein unfolds Proteins: Functions Structural Component of Cells Control of Metabolic Reactions: enzymes Maintain homeostasis Transport substances in blood Antibodies protect againstinvaders Growth and Repair Support and Motion Communication Protein Hormones Cell Receptors Energy source Protein Protein * Oligosaccharides (“oligo-” means few or scant). Several monosaccharides joined together. Sucrose (table sugar) is disaccharide of one glucose and one fructose (Fig 3-1, p39). Often combined with other molecules. Many larger molecules have oligosaccharides attached for various purposes. Sometimes used for cell ID. The cell membrane has many proteins in it, some of which have attached oligosaccharides projecting away from the cell. Sometimes these are used as chemical labels for cell type. * This shows how water is removed from three fatty acids and glycerol to make a fat and water. * Complex ring forms Some hormones, especially those produced by the adrenal gland and sex hormones. Cholesterol Natural substance; not necessarily bad for you. Found in membranes in between the fatty acid tails of phospholipids. Athletes beware of androgenic