第5篇-5 人类基因组计划简介.ppt

人类基因组计划 人类基因组测序计划--创议与实施 1)第一阶段: 酝酿 2)第二阶段: 论证 3)第三阶段: 实施 人类基因组计划的酝酿—星星之火 盐湖城Alta会议—起点,1984 Alta is a ski area nestled among the Wasatch Mountains (note: Original text said Saguache Mountains) in Utah, Salt Lake City. From December 9 to 13, 1984. The Alta meeting was sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE) and the International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. It was initiated by David Smith of DOE and Mortimer Mendelsohn of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. 英雄所见略同 Walter Gilbert. A crucial early proponent, he later tried to set up a company to produce and sell genome data. Santa Cruz会议, California,1985 Robert L. Sinsheimer: The University of California, Santa Cruz, During a Critical Decade, 1977-1987Sinsheimer was appointed chancellor(分校校长) by UC President David Saxon in June, 1977. Formerly chairman of the division of biology at the California Institute of Technology (CIA )where his work as a molecular biologist had earned him a distinguished international reputation. 推波助澜—杜贝克宣言 1986年, 1975年医学和生理学诺贝尔奖得主, 美国Salk Institute研究所癌症研究员杜贝可(Renato Dulbecco)在“Science”上发表题为“癌症研究的转折点:定出人类基因组序列”一文, 引起了美国社会大众的广泛关注,并使基因组测序计划的支持者和反对者进行了一场为时数年的争论. 杜贝可提出了两条基因搜寻路线,即以测序 为核心的“DNA序列”探测和以作图为中心 的“基因地图”克隆. Dubecco宣言, 1986 In 1975 Dubcco was awarded the Noble prize for Physiology or Medicine with two of his associates David Baltimore and Howard Temin. In 1986 Dubecco proposed the “Human Genome Project” to map the entire genome and to identify some 100 thousand genes which make up the human genome strucrure. From 1988 to 1992, Dubecco served as the President of the Salk Institute. At present, Dubecco, who returned to Italy to work for CNR is supervisor of the “Human Genome Project”(the Iatlian part of the International Project). Dubecco提出了人类基因组计划作图和测序同时进行的研究路线. 反对的声浪 人类基因组计划虽然是一个极富创意的想法, 但在当时 的许多方面都超出了科学技术发展的实际水平, 因而不 可避免遭到各方面的怀疑与反对, 其中包括像Jacob 这样大名鼎鼎的生理学Noble 奖得主, MIT和NIH(美