文轩阁高中英语语法(完整编).doc

文轩阁英语语法PAGE PAGE 6Just Be Yourself!限制性定语从句学习要点：引导词1. 定语从句: 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句. The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 定语从句常放在先行词后面,修饰先行词man,译为”住在我们旁边的(那个人)” 被定语从句修饰的名词man,是先行词.2. 引导定语从句的词称关系词:关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词: when, where, why3. 定语从句的注意要处： ① 定语从句的特征：修饰名词或代词后面的从句是定语从句.② 先行词充当从句主语，选which(物),who(人),that(人/物)，并且从句不可出现主语。 先行词充当从句宾语，选which(物),who(人),that(人/物),whom(人)，从句不出现宾语。 先行词充当从句定语，选whose(人/物)，先行词做从句中某个名词的定语，从句中不出现定语。 先行词充当从句地点状语，选where = at/in + which，从句不可出现地点状语。 先行词充当从句时间状语，选when = at/on/in/during + which，从句不可出现时间状语。 先行词充当从句原因状语，选why = for + which，从句不可出现原因状语③ 翻译：先译从句带“的”字，修饰先行词.④ 选关系代词 做主语/宾语时， 从句是不完整的.选关系副词 做状语时， 从句是完整的.⑤ 先行词充当从句宾语,引导词可以省略⑥ 主句的时态与从句的时态互不相干,从句体现什么时态,就用什么时态. Where is the student whom I met just now? Where is the student whom I will visit soon? Where is the student who is on duty today?⑦ 定语从句主谓一致: 从句谓语与先行词保持人称和数一致. Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. 汤姆是唯一的男孩,来自美国。几种特殊情况下必须用that,而不用which引导定语从句.1. 当先行词是不定代词all, little, much, few, everything, none时,或被all, little, much, few, every, any, no等修饰时e.g. I will tell him all that you told me yesterday. There are few books that you can read in the bookstore.2. 当先行词即有人又有物时e.g. He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.3. 当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时e.g. This is the best novel that I have ever read.4. 当先行词有序数词修饰时e.g. The first book that he wrote was very interesting.5. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, the right等修饰时e.g. That is the very thing that we can do. 这是我们能做的事。 It is the only book that he bought himself. 它是他给他自己买的唯一书。6. 当主句是以which/who开头的特殊疑问句时e.g. Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading.非限制性定语从句▲限制性定语从句的特点是： ①与主句关系较密切，去掉它主句意思不完整；②译成汉语时，常翻译成“的”字短语，作所修饰词（即先行词）的后置定语。▲非限制性定语从句的特点是： ①与主句关系较松散，去掉它不会影响主句意思；②主句与从句常用逗号隔开；③译成汉语时，常用两句话表达；④除了that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，who, whom, whose, which, as, when, where都可以引