广东外语外贸大学新编国际贸易-总结.docxVIP

Food 为进口商品,cloth为出口商品，home country为资本密集型国家， foreign country为土地密集型国家 Chapter1 Gains from trade: 贸易所得 When countries sell goods and services to each other, this exchange is always to their mutual benefit. 一般均衡分析（General equilibrium analysis） 建立在整体市场供求平衡的基础之上的简化模型 用[生产可能性曲线（production-possibility frontier,简称 HYPERLINK /doc/5498014-5735928.html \t _blank PPF）：先有技术，资源充分利用的条件下，两种商品最大产出的组合点]来分析 用消费无差异曲线（indifference curve）来衡量效用 局部均衡（Partial Equilibrium Analysis）:在假定其他市场条件不变的情况下，孤立地考察单个市场或部分市场的供求与价格之间的关系或均衡状态，而不考虑它们之间的相互联系和影响。 用供求曲线作为分析工具 用消费者剩余/生产者剩余反应效用得失 Chapter2 The Gravity Model(引力模型：在其他条件不变的情况下，两国间的贸易规模和两国GDP成正比，与两国间的距离成反比） The law of gravity: just as the gravitational attraction between any two objects is proportional to the product of their masses and diminishes with distance, the trade between any two countries is, other things equal, proportional to the product of their GDPs and diminishes with distance. Chapter 3 Absolute Advantage—Adam Smith “Absolute Advantage”: when on nation is more efficient than another in the production of one commodity but is less efficient than the other nation in producing a second commodity, then both nations can gain by each specializing in the production of the commodity of its absolute advantage and exchanging part of its output with the other nation for the commodity of its absolute disadvantage. Comparative Advantage—David Ricardo Comparative Advantage: Even if one nation is less efficient than the other nation in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade. The first nation should specialize in the production of and export the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is smaller and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater. Determining the Relative Price After Trade One useful way to keep track of two markets at once is to focus not just on the quantities of cheese and wine supplied and demanded but also on the relative supply and demand, that is , on