【高血压英文ppt课件】Drugs used in Hypertension.pptVIP

Drugs used in Hypertension;This left ventricle is very thickened (slightly over 2 cm in thickness), but the rest of the heart is not greatly enlarged. This is typical for hypertensive heart disease. The hypertension creates a greater pressure load on the heart to induce the hypertrophy.;The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.;See below;Modulation of Renin Release;Natriuretic Peptide and ADH Signaling Pathways;Hypertension;Drugs used for Hypertension;Thiazide Diuretics;Thiazide Diuretics (cont’d);β-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists;Vasodilator Drugs – ACE Inhibitors;May cause renal failure in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis: - Angiotensin II required to constrict postglomerular arterioles and maintain adequate GF. - Inhibition of angiotensin II formation does not seriously impair secretion and excessive K+ retention occurs only with K+ supplements or K-sparing diuretics (recall that aldosterone incr Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion).;Vasodilator Drugs –Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists;Vasodilator Drugs –Ca-Channel Blockers (Ca antagonists);Vasodilator Drugs –α1-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists;Vasodilator Drugs –Hydrazine;Vasodilator Drugs –Minoxidil;Centrally-Acting Drugs;Acute Severe Hypertension;Kidneys;Kidneys (cont’d);Diuretics – Drugs Acting on the Kidneys;Thiazides;Thiazides - Mechanism;Thiazides – Adverse Effects;Loop Diuretics (LDs) (high ceiling)[Very Powerful];Loop Diuretics - Mechanism;Loop Diuretics – Adverse Effects;Loop Diuretics (cont’d);K+-Sparing Diuretics (KSDs);KSDs (cont’d) - Spironolactone;KSDs (cont’d) – Amiloride and Triamterene;Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors;Nephron anatomy and the site of action of Diuretics;Proximal Convoluted Tubule Cell – Note the Action of acetazolamide;Logical Combinations;Compelling and possible indications and contrindications for the major classes of antihypertensive drugs ?????