外文翻译引水隧洞变形监测技术.docVIP

Technique summary on the deformation monitoring towards the high side-slope of the diversion tunnel 1. Introduction to the diversion tunnel The diversion tunnel and its related projects lies on the opposite side of the underground workplace, namely, the left bank of the Shuibuya Valley. Its natural slope is 255 meters high, consisting of soft rocks and hard rocks. The geological structure is so complicated. Specifically speaking, the slope contains two parts, with the above part hard and the below part soft; meanwhile, it also contains lots of fissures. To protect the worker’s safety during the construction period, it is quite necessary to carry out the rigorous monitoring towards the high side-slope. 2.coordinate system (1). Beijing Geodetic Coordinate System, 1954; (2). Wusong Altitude system, 1956; (3). Gauss projection 3° Zone; (4). Central Meridian 111°. 3.introdution to deformation of structures 3.1 When the structure is being constructed and in use, so many factors will cause five phenomena, such as: structure subsidence, structure displacement, structure oblique and structure fissure etc. These factors mainly include: the uneven geological component of the foundation, the difference of the physical attribute of the soil, the rigid deformation of the soil, the change in the underground water, the change of the atmospheric temperature, the self weight of the structure itself and the effect of the dynamic weight (such as the wind, the vibration etc.) These phenomena generally called as deformation. Deformation can be classified into two kinds according to the time, namely, long-period deformation and short-period deformation; it can also be classified into static deformation and dynamic deformation. 3.1.1 deformation observation and its characteristics Deformation observation The term “deformation observation” means such work that by using surveying tools or specific tools get the deformation result periodically that caused by structure weight and th