基于SPWM波形的开环变频 调速系统控制电动葫芦1.docVIP

摘 要 电动葫芦是一种轻小型起重设备，在日常生产生活中有着广泛的应用。电动葫芦采用的是三相锥形转子电动机。这种电机的优点是安全、简单、经济，但其传统的调速方案存在着传动性能低、可靠性低、很难达到所希望的调速要求。 本文设计了一种基于SPWM波形的开环变频调速系统。本论文首先简要阐述了变频调速的基础技术，如变频调速下电动机的机械特性、SPWM控制方法的理论依据及微机实现等。接着介绍了设计变频调速系统所牵涉到的系统软硬件，并对整个系统的主电路、各种保护电路、控制电路及实现控制的软件进行了系统的分析。 主电路部分给出了整流、滤波、逆变器、IGBT驱动电路的外围器件及各个环节的参数的计算。设计时强调了系统工作的安全性，给出了具体的系统保护电路，介绍了其工作原理，并给出了比较重要的参数。控制电路以微机作为实现SPWM算法的运算核心。 本文同时还探讨了设计数字化系统所必须注意的电磁兼容性要求，给出了系统的软件、硬件、保护电路和软件抗干扰的设计方法。实验结果表明，这些设计使系统能够可靠工作，运行状态良好，达到了设计目的。 关键词：变压变频； 正弦波脉宽调制；80C196MC；电压型逆变器；驱动电路 ABSTRACT The electric hoist is one kind of light small hoisting equipment, having the widespread application in the daily production.What the electric hoist uses is the three-phase cone-shape rator electric motor. Its merit is the security ,simple and economical, but its traditions velocity modulation plan is low in the transmission performance and reliability, even is difficult to achieve the very hoped velocity modulation request. An open-loop virable frequency virable speed(VVVF) system is designed in this paper. First,Basic techniques of VVVF are introduced,such as mechanical characteristics of motor under VVVF control,fundamental theories which Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulationcontrol algorithm are based on,and macro computer unit realization of SPWN,etc.Software and hardware used in this design are specified, as well as the resulting design of main circuit,protecting circuit and control circuit for the system. Parameter calculations of rectification,filter,inverter,driving circuits of Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor(IGBT), and peripheral circuits are discussed in the design of main circuit. Efforts are made to increase system safety,such as designing of a protecting circuit. Design theory and important parameters of the protecting circuit are described. In the control circuit,microcomputer is used for realizing SPWM algorithm. This controller is chosen to provide real time control . Electromagnetism Compatibility(EMC)of digital system is also discussed in this p