原核微生物的形态结构和功能课件.ppt

Chapter 1 morphology , structure and function of prokaryotes 原核生物的形态，结构和功能 ;Prokaryotes and eukaryotes major differences; DNA free in the cytoplasm Only one chromosome DNA associated with histone-like proteins May contain extrachromosomal elements called Plasmids Introns not found in mRNA Cell division by binary fission - asexual replication only Transfer of genetic information occurs by conjugation, transduction and transformation ; 原核生物和真核生物遗传的和细胞组装上的主要差别;;1. Cytoplasmic membrane contains sterols 2. Mitochondria present in most cases 3. Chloroplasts present in algal and plant cells Internal membranes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus present associated with protein synthesis and targetting 5. Membrane vesicles such as lysosomes and peroxisomes present;;;; Rough ER;Golgi ; mitochondria ; Choloroplast ;Cell wall of eukaryote;细胞核示意图;cytoskeleton;Cytoskeleton of cultured cell;当一个细胞分裂时，其核膜被解离，且其DNA浓集成可见的染色体对，它们被微管拉开至两个分裂的自细胞中，微管从分裂细胞相对的两极会聚点辐射出去。;Lysosome——a kind of organelle in animal cell; A comparison of the main features of these two categories of cell is shown in the table discussed, but other differences do occur. Although the basic mechanisms of DNA replication ，RNA synthesis and protein synthesis are the same in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, there are differences in the components and enzymes involved. These are discussed in the appropriate topics.;Major groups of prokaryotes;;原和生物常见种类和常见形态（2）;原和生物常见种类和常见形态（3）; Bacteria are small ( 1um-50um width/diameter), single-celled, micro-organisms that belong to a group called prokaryotes so classified because their DNA is not enclosed within a nuclear membrane . ; Because they lack ：a distinct nuclear membrane, the organelles associated with energy generation, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, and complex internal membranes, such as endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which are found in eukaryotes.; They are a