日光温室丽蚜小蜂应用技术分析-analysis on application technology of encarsia formosa in sunlight greenhouse.docxVIP
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日光温室丽蚜小蜂应用技术分析-analysis on application technology of encarsia formosa in sunlight greenhouse
plantand10.54perplant;aswellasthethegood-harmrationwas6:1,theresultsareasfollows:perplant,3.60perplant,4.02perplant,4.56perplantand5.37perplant.DonotreleaseE.formosa(Gahan)beforeanewyear,butreleasenormallyafterthenewyearcancontrolwhiteflydamageeffectively.Greenhouseswiththehelpofsupportingmeasureandlowtemperatureinwintercanalsokeepthewhitefliesonlowlevel.Whiteflyadultsinthenorthofgreenhousewere0.43perplant,0.50perplant,0.10and0.14perplantbefore(Nov.15th,Dec.2rd,Dec.17th)andafterthenewyear(Mar.1st),aswellasthecontrolwere0.18perplant,0.28perplant,0.20and0.38perplant;andtheresultsafterthereleaseofE.formosa(Gahan)(May16,June2andJune15)were1.68perplant,3.52perplantand4.68perplant,withthecontrolwere4.02perplant,4.56perplantand6.15perplant.Beforewintercoming,whiteflyadultswererandomlyhorizontaldistributed;andstilldistributeduniformlyontheeasttowestdirectionafterspring,themoreinthenorthandlessinthesouth;andtherewere2or3instarnymphsonverticallevellocatedintheupperpartofplants.Inconclusion,thetechniquecriterionthatstoragepupaeofE.formosa(Gahan)on11℃notmorethan6d+installationofinsect-proofnet+cleanplantingstocks+pre-timelyremovalofoldleavesatthebottom+theproportionofratioofparasiteandhostpestis2:1+donotreleaseE.formosa(Gahan)beforenewyearbutnormallyafterthenewyear+putupparasiticwaspcardsinthenorthofgreenhousewasputforward,andprovidedanimportantbasistointegratedandsustainablecontroltechnologyformanagementofwhiteflybyreleasingE.formosa(Gahan).Keywords:Greenhouse;Encarsiaformosa(Gahan);whitefly;applicationtechniques1引言丽蚜小蜂属于膜翅目(Hymenoptera)蚜小蜂科(Aphelinidae)恩蚜小蜂属(Encarsia)。主要分布在热带和亚热带地区,是温室白粉虱的专性寄生天敌。主要通过寄生温室白粉虱的若虫和直接取食若虫体液来杀死白粉虱,已被成功商品化饲养,并大面积应用于温室防治白粉虱。1.1日光温室内白粉虱的为害日光温室具经济、高效、节能等特点,能够生产出优质、反季节蔬菜,是我国设施蔬菜发展的重要方向。广泛分布在北京、天津、河北、山东、山西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、西藏和新疆等地区,形成了日光温室蔬菜种植优势带。而番茄、茄子、豆角、黄瓜、西葫芦等温室蔬菜上发生最广、为害最重、防治最难的害虫就是温室白粉虱和烟粉虱。温室白粉虱和烟粉虱对蔬菜作物的为害表现为直接取食、分泌蜜露诱发煤污病以及传播植物病毒病等3个方面。成虫和若虫群集于叶片背面,以刺吸式口器取食汁液,寄主植物被害后萎蔫、甚至死亡。不同作物受害后表现为不同的症状,叶菜类如甘蓝、花椰菜受害表现为叶片萎缩、黄化、枯萎;根茎类如萝卜受害表现为颜色白化、无味、重量减轻;果菜类如番茄被害,表现为果实
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