解剖学总论和骨学关节总论躯干骨及连接ppt课件.pptVIP

The chemical composition and physical properties of bone 幼儿骨易变形 老年易骨折 The Arthrology关节学 Concept: The bones are connected together by fibrous（纤维）, cartilaginous（软骨）or osseous（骨） at different parts of their surfaces. Classification：There are two major types of articulation or joint（关节）. Continuous joints 直接连结. Discontinuous joints 间接连结(synovial joints 滑膜关节). Continuous joints直接连接: without any cavity between the bones. Fibrous joints 纤维连结: bones are united by fibrous connective tissue, eg. the crural (小腿) interosseous membrane. Cartilaginous joints 软骨连结: bones are united by cartilage，eg. Intervertebral dics（椎间盘）. The Synovial joints 滑膜关节 ⅠBasic structures Articular surface关节面: covered by articular cartilage 关节软骨. Articular capsule 关节囊 Fibrous membrane纤维膜 Synovial membrane 滑膜 Articular cavity关节腔: containing a trace of synovial fluid; subatmospheric (negative) pressure in it. ⅡAccessory structures辅助结构 1.Ligaments韧带(lig.): extra- and intracapsular ligaments 囊外(内)韧带 2.Articular disc关节盘 3.articular labrum 关节唇: Synovial fold滑膜襞 synovial bursa滑膜囊 Ⅲ The movements of joints关节的运动 Translation 移动 Flexion and extension 屈和伸 Adduction and abduction 收和展 Rotation 旋转 Medial and lateral rotation 旋内和旋外 Pronation and supination旋前和旋后 Inversion and eversion 足内翻和足外翻 Circumduction 环转 骨学各论 Axial bone中轴骨 skull 颅骨-- 29块 bones of trunk 躯干骨---51 Appendiculoarbones 四肢骨 bones of upper limb 上肢骨—64 bones of lower limb 下肢骨--62 206 in number in adult ⅠBones of trunk 躯干骨 Composition: vertebrae 椎骨（24） sacrum 骶骨（1） coccyx 尾骨（1） sternum 胸骨（1） ribs 肋骨（24） Ⅰ) Vertebrae 椎骨 There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows: Cervical vertebrae 颈椎 C.V. 7 Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 T.V. 12 Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 L.V. 5 Sacral vertebrae 骶椎 S.V. 5 sacrum 骶骨 Coccygeal vertebrae 尾椎 Co.V. 3~4 coccyx尾骨 1. Genera