思维导图促进问题解决能力的助学策略研究——以师范生现代教育技术公共课为例-study on the strategy of helping students to improve their problem solving ability with mind map —— taking the common course of modern educational technology for normal students as an e.docxVIP

摘要教学生解决问题的技能，是课堂学习的一个重要内容。问题解决从心理学来说是种思维，从外在表现来说是解决某个问题的活动过程。对于学生们的高级思维，我们应该是开发，而不是教授。在以往教学中，学生更多地是运用分析性思维，或者是收敛性思维，而优秀的问题解决者还应该具备发散性思维。思维导图是对大脑放射性思维过程的一种模拟，能够促进发散性思维。它可以对思考问题的过程作出惟妙惟肖的描述，是对思维过程的捕捉与可视化，这是开发学生问题解决能力的一个关键。将思维导图用于促进学生的问题解决能力发展中，将是种新的尝试。本论文描述了思维导图在问题解决过程中的具体应用价值，深入分析了思维导图支持下的“问题解决”教学中的要素及其关系。根据考斯达的理论获得了问题解决教学中的一些启示，以及思维导图在问题解决中的应用策略。又分别从教师和学生角度具体给出了思维导图在“问题解决”学习中的助学应用，并描述了评价方法。最后，结合师范生现代教育技术公共课开展了较为深入的教学实践研究,根据实施的效果和问卷调查获得了反馈信息，进行了反思，以期对其他教师提供借鉴和参考。关键词：问题解决能力，思维导图，助学策略AbstractTeachingstudentsproblem-solvingskillsisanimportantcontentinclassroomlearning.Frompsychologicalpointofview,problem-solvingisthinking,andfromtheexternalperformance,problem-solvingisaprocessofactivity.Foradvancedthinkingofstudents,weshoulddevelopratherthanteaching.Intraditionalinstruction,studentsareusedtomoreanalyticalthinkingorconvergentthinking,butexcellentproblemsolveralsoshouldhavedivergentthinking.Mindmapisasimulationofradioactivethinkingprocess,anditcanpromotedivergentthinking.Itcanmakeavividdescriptionoftheprocessofthinkingaboutproblem,andcapturetheprocess.Thevisualizationoftheprocessofthinkingproblemisakeytodevelopstudents’problem-solvingability.Theapplicationofmindmaptodevelopproblem-solvingabilityofstudentswillbeanewtryinlearning.Thispaperdescribesthespecificvalueofthemindmapintheprocessofproblem-solving,andanalysisindepththeelementsinproblem-solvinginstructionandtheirrelationshipbasedonmindmap.ThewritergetsinspirationfromCostastheoryaboutproblem-solvinginstruction,aswellastheapplicationstrategiesofmindmapinproblem-solving.Then,thewriterdesignsanassisted-learningstrategythatusingmindmaptopromotethedevelopmentofproblem-solvingability,andalsomakesmethodsoflearningevaluation.Inthelast,workingwithsomenormalstudents,thewritercarriesoutanin-depthstudyonteachingpracticeinpubliccourseofmoderneducationaltechnology.Accordingtotheresultsofimplementationandquestionnairessurvey,thewriterobtainsfeedbackinformation,andmakesreflection,withaviewtoprovidreferencetootherteachers.Keywords:Prob