生态操纵对海水养殖生态系统效应的分析-analysis on the effect of ecological manipulation on mariculture ecosystem.docx

生态操纵对海水养殖生态系统效应的研究 生态操纵对海水养殖生态系统效应的研究 厦门大学博士毕业论文 ２ ２ 有益菌组的细菌类群数比另外两组明显减少。 5. 从整个生态系统的物质循环和能量流动分析。尽管有益菌组在分解有机物时 可能产生较多的 N、P 等营养盐，但该组水中的营养盐含量并没有升高的趋 势，基本与对照组的含量相一致。而有益菌组的浮游藻类和浮游动物数量明 显比其他组高，养殖系统中对虾的增长率较其他组高，这说明在该生态系统 中，加有益菌有稳定和促进包括营养盐在内的物质循环和能量流动过程，这 也解决了目前大家关注的一个问题：微生物分解养殖生态系统底质中有机物 所产生的营养盐何去何从的问题。 6. 对对虾生长的影响。从对虾的生长情况可以看出，有益菌可以促进对虾的成 长。而抗生素组对虾的生长最慢，不利于对虾生长。 目前，尽管有益微生物制剂在水产养殖中的应用表现出了积极的方面，但仍 很多问题需要研究解决。首先，有益微生物制剂的归宿问题，有益微生物制剂在 养殖生态环境和在养殖经济动物体中发挥作用后，最终究竟如何？另外，必须做 长期的调查和研究，来证明这些微生物制剂中的微生物会保持无害，而不会出现 潜在的离奇变异的危险。 关键词：生态操纵；海水养殖；生态系统；有益菌；抗生素 ３ ３ Abstract Aquaculture is an economical activity that is threatened by the repeated appearance of diseases. So far, antibiotics have been intensively used as preventive and curative measures, but such practices are now questioned because regular use of these chemical products has led to the appearance of drug-resistant bacteria and can also have harmful effects on the environment. The need for alternative strategies for control of the microbial conditions in the cultivation of marine rearing, is therefore essential for further progress in aquaculture. Because crustaceans have no specific immune system, suitable techniques for stimulation of the non-specific immune defence may become important in marine rearing. Methods have been proposed, such as the use of probiotic bacteria, immunostimulants or the improvement of the larval quality via the nutrition, and zootechnical progress has been made. Approaches to a strategy of addition of probiotics for microbial control and stimulation of the immune system in marine larval rearing have been presented, but considerable efforts of research will be necessary to develop the applications to aquaculture. The added probiotics and antibiotic’s influence on cultivating microbial factor dynamic change was studied by adopting enclosure ecology method. At the same time, population structure and genetic diversity change of bacteria in sediment were also studied by 16S rDNA PCR-RELP method in molecul