Oscillations脑震荡ppt课件.ppt

美国自发性脑出血处理指南课件慢性鼻炎吃什么药好慢性鼻窦炎吃什中医中药治疗高血脂饮食保健资料子宫肌瘤合并胆囊炎围手术期护理中医药对冠心病稳定性心绞痛长期治疗价值 慢性单纯性苔藓痤疮白癜风教材课程 Neuromodulation signal-to-noise switching burst/single spike oscillations Neuromodulators alter intrinsic properties of networks Marder and Thilumalai, 2002 Brain Oscillations Oscillations emerge from the interaction between intrinsic cellular properties and circuit properties. individual oscillatory neurons individual non-oscillating neurons that are hooked up in a specific network that produces oscillation. In many systems electrical coupling by gap junctions tend to produce oscillatory synchronization. Characteristics of Mammalian Oscillations Phylogenetic preservation in mammals. In mammals, frequencies cluster around specific peaks - unlike vertebrates who show much more distributed frequencies. Power density of these oscillations is inversely proportional to frequency (1/f) This (1/f) relationship implies that perturbations occurring at slow frequencies cause a cascade of energy dissipation at higher frequencies (i.e., slow oscillations modulate faster local events). Types of Oscillations Brain networks oscillate and their oscillations are behavior dependent. Oscillations range from 0.05 Hz to 500 Hz so the range is many orders of magnitude.? Delta 1-4 Hz Theta 4-8 Hz Alpha 8-12 Hz Beta 13-20 Hz Role of Thalamocortical Loops Many of the rhythmic oscillations produced arise from thalamocortical re-entrant interactions and pacemaker cells that comprise thalamic nuclei. Ventral PMC/ Posterior IFG Sensorimotor cortex Rostral IPL Human PF/PFG Posterior STS Visual information external cues Thalamus The Role of Thalamocortical Loops Synchronization of Inputs At least three types of synchronies have their electrogenesis in cortex. 1.?? Those created locally between neighboring columns, which produce high frequency components above 30 Hz (gamma rhythms). Intermediate or “regional” oscillations between cortical columns separated