石墨烯与聚苯胺复合海绵制备及性能分析-preparation and performance analysis of graphene and polyaniline composite sponge.docxVIP
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石墨烯与聚苯胺复合海绵制备及性能分析-preparation and performance analysis of graphene and polyaniline composite sponge
石墨烯与聚苯胺复合海绵制备及性能研究摘要聚苯胺(PANI)是一种具有良好热稳定性、高比电容且易于合成的导电高分子材料,但纯PANI合成后易团聚且电化学循环稳定性较差。作为目前科研前沿的材料,石墨烯(GN)是碳原子通过以六边形晶格的形式非常紧密的堆积而形成的单层二维材料,在性能方面具有一些比较优良的性能,如:优异的机械性能、高比表面积、高导电率等。本文将二者结合,成功制备出海绵状GN/PANI复合海绵,可广泛应用于可压缩超级电容器及传感器等。本文采用Hummers法、改进Hummers法分别制备出氧化石墨烯(GO),并通过XRD、AFM及称重对其氧化程度、粒径及产量进行表征与分析。结果表明无论从氧化程度、粒径大小及产量进行对比,改进法都占有优势,含杂质较少,产量较大,故以改进法所制备的GO为原材料进行下一步实验。通过在GO分散液中原位聚合苯胺单体,制备分散均匀的GO/PANI复合材料,并经冷冻干燥工艺形成GO/PANI复合海绵。然后将GO/PANI复合海绵置于水合肼气氛中还原1h,即得GN/PANI复合海绵。在对复合海绵进行力学压缩性能分析时发现,当应变ε=40%时,第10次压缩循环与第1次相比,石墨烯海绵和RGP1:0.6的弹性变形都接近于100%,然而RGP1:3和RGP1:5的弹性变形分别为98.3%和94.5%。通过SEM表征发现制备的GO/PANI结构和成分比较均匀,GO的分散性较好。对其进行电化学性能分析,同比例情况下,GN/PANI海绵比电容均高于GO/PANI海绵,在2mV/s扫速下,RGP1:5比电容为487F/g,而GOP1:5仅为152F/g,纯PANI为397F/g,纯GN为162F/g。而不同比例下,PANI的含量和材料的比电容成正比关系,PANI的负载有效地提高了石墨烯多孔结构的电容特性,当GN:PANI为1:5时(即RGP1:5),复合海绵比电容为487F/g,但此时复合海绵压缩性能变弱,塑性变形明显,而在2mV/s扫速下,RGP1:3比电容为448F/g,且其弹性变形范围较大,故综合力学压缩性能和电化学性能,RGP1:3性能更为全面。关键词石墨烯;聚苯胺;复合海绵;电化学性能I-PreparationandPropertiesofGrapheneandPolyanilineCompositeSpongeAbstractPolyaniline(PANI)isaconductivepolymermaterialwithgoodthermalstability,highspecificcapacitanceandeasysynthesis,butpurePANIhastheshortcomingofaggregationandpoorelectrochemicalcyclingstability.Graphene(GN)isthetwo-dimensionalmaterialofasinglelayerofcarbonatomsintheformofahexagonalclose-packedlattice,andithasexcellentpropertiessuchas,excellentmechanicalproperties,highsurfacearea,highelectricalconductivityandthelike.ThepaperhascombinedGNwithPANItopreparethecompositespongeofGNandPANIsuccessfully.Wehavedoneasystematicstudyofthepropertiesofmechanicalcompressionandelectrochemistry.Wepreparegrapheneoxide(GO)bytwomethodsofHummersandImprovedHummersrespectively,andthenweanalyzeandcharacterizethedegreeofoxidation,thesizeofGOandyieldbyXRDandAFM.TheresultsshowthatImprovedmethodhasanadvantageinthedegreeofoxidation,particlesizeandyield,inparticularly,itcontainsfewerimpurities,largeoutput,soweuseGOpreparedbyImprovedmethodastherawmaterialstothenextexperiment.WeprepareauniformdispersionofGO/PANIcompositesbyinsitupo
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