局解绪论和下肢课件.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 坐骨神经 胫神经 腓总神经 腓深神经 腓浅神经 腓总神经容易受损 腘窝 Popliteal Fossa 浅层结构： 小隐静脉和腘浅淋巴结，皮神经 深层结构： 腘筋膜 腘窝的境界和内容 腘窝是膝关节后方的菱形凹陷。 腘窝 Popliteal Fossa 境界:上外 ——股二头肌 上内 ——半腱肌、半膜肌 下外 ——腓肠肌外侧头 下内 ——腓肠肌内侧头 内容: 胫神经、腓总神经腘静脉腘动脉腘深淋巴结 浅 深 臀区的解剖 臀大肌起点处切开臀大肌，并向外翻开。 找出梨状肌（此区的中心结构）。 仔细清理相关血管和神经。 注意：1，清除臀大肌表面的筋膜时，平行于臀大肌肌纤维方向。 2，保护坐骨直肠窝。 3，注意坐骨神经与梨状肌位置关系的个体差异。 How to cut and reflect the gluteal maximus muscle 解剖股后区和腘窝 整理、修洁股后区的肌肉、血管和神经； 整理、修洁腘窝及其内容。 The principal muscle groups of the thigh iliopsoas Gluteal maximus A 40-year-old man presents to the emergency department barely able to walk. He finds it painful to sit down. He was waterskiing and was trying to learn to water ski backwards when his left ski 滑水橇 caught the water “wrong” and he fell. He has intense pain in the left gluteal region. Examining him in the prone position, a bulging of the left hamstring muscles is noted with significant pain upon palpation of the left ischial tuberosity. An avulsion 撕裂 of the hamstring muscles from their origin on the ischial tuberosity is suspected. Which three muscle origins most likely avulsed a piece of bone from the ischial tuberosity when his ski caught the water? a. Adductor longus, adductor magnus, and biceps femoris b. adductor longus, adductor magnus, and gracilis c. semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and adductor magnus d. semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris e. semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and gracilis 第三部分小腿后区Posterior Region of the Leg 小腿三头肌 Triceps surae 腓肠肌 Gastrocnemius 比目鱼肌 Soleus 跟腱 (Achilles tendon) 小腿肌——后群 腓肠肌 比目鱼肌 趾长屈肌 Flexor digitorum longus 胫骨后肌 Tibialis posterior 足母长屈肌 Flexor hallucis longus 小腿肌——后群 2 3 4 小腿肌——后群 2 3 4 趾长屈肌 Flexor digitorum longus 胫骨后肌 Tibialis posterior 足母长屈肌 Flexor hallucis longus 2 3 4 2 3 4 主要内容 深层结构胫后血管和胫神经 Posterior Tibial Vessels Tibial N. ①腘动脉 Popliteal artery ②胫后动脉 Posterior tibial ar