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Dental caries Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, cavities, or caries, is a breakdown of teeth due to activities of bacteria. Signs and symptoms 1.demineralization of enamel chalky white spot microcavity cavitation(unreverseble) dark brown and shiny(dental tubules) 2. pain transient fracture constant no longer be sensitive to hot or cold 3.infection constant pain spreading life-threatening complications (1) micro-organisms in dental plaque (2) a susceptible tooth surface (3) time (4) must be present together for dental caries to occur (5) Saliva (6) and fluoride (7) are modifying factors Enamel---Dentin diagnosis 1.visual inspection (may do harm to tooth) 2.Dental radiographs (X-rays) 3.air blowing treatment prevention 1.Oral hygiene 2.Dietary modification 3.Other measures dental sealants Calcium Fluoride oral health assessment Pulpitis Periapical periodontitis causes Pulpitis may be caused by dental caries that penetrate through the enamel and dentin to reach the pulp, or it may be a result of trauma, such as thermal insult from repeated dental procedures. inflammatory lesion around the apex of a tooth root which is caused by bacterial invasion of the pulp of the tooth pressure pulp inflamed,pressure begins to build up in the pulp cavity, exerting pressure on the nerve of the tooth and the surrounding tissues. the pulp cavity is surrounded by dentin, a hard tissue that does not allow for pressure dissipation Pulpitis can often create so much pressure on the tooth nerve that causes the referred pain Treatment Treatment options antibiotic therapy (not a permanent solution), endodontic (root canal) therapy extraction.