前体蛋白和叶绿体外表面结合ppt.pptVIP

structure and function ofprotein transport machineries in chloroplasts 左冰峰 杨洋 06/11/7 chloroplasts The chloroplasts is an ognanelle of prokaryotic origin that is situated in an eukaryotic cellular environment . chloroplasts Six subcompartments : An inner envelope membrane An outer envelope membrane Intermembrane space Stroma Thylakiod membrane Thylakiod lumen protein transport mechanisms The two stypes : ⑴ Import of nuclear-encoded proteins into the chloroplast stroma through envelope membrane ⑵protein transport into thylakiod lumen across the thylakoid membrane Import of proteins into the chloroplast stroma Process: Ⅰ.前体蛋白与叶绿体外表面结合: 前体蛋白N端的转运肽(transit peptides)和叶绿体外表面蛋白转运复合体上受体的相互作用;需少量ATP. Ⅱ.转运的早期阶段:在GTP或低浓度的ATP存在下,前体蛋白与蛋白转运复合体(translocation complexes)紧密结合. Ⅲ.转运末期:前体蛋白穿膜转运进入叶绿体基质,在分子伴侣(cytosolic chaperone)的协助下加工成为成熟的蛋白. transit peptides (转运肽) General features : a high content in hydroxylated residues; an almost complete lack of acidic residues ; an overall hydrophilic nature. a number of transit peptides phosphorylation in the cytosol could support their association with guidance complexes. transit peptides (转运肽) Structure: transit peptide contains three parts: ⑴N端含非极性氨基酸残基——参与前体蛋白与受体的结合。 ⑵中间段富含羟基和带正电荷的氨基酸残基——参与前体蛋白的精确定位。 ⑶C端形成双极性的β折叠 ——与转运后转运肽准确切割有关。 transit peptides (转运肽) The general founction: ⑴ target the protein to chloroplast ⑵it provides an “address”that locatizes the polypeptide to one of the subcompartments. ☆After reaching the organelle stroma, they are removed by a stromal processing peptidase(SPP) cytosolic chaperone 14-3-3 proteins and Hsp70 在蛋白转运前,对前体蛋白进行解折叠,使其从 杂的空间结构变成线型结构,以便于进行穿膜 输;进入叶绿体的蛋白质,又在监护蛋白的作用下 重新恢复其空间构象并实施其功能. translocation complexes ◆ they are oligomeric protein complexes . ◆they are divided into Toc complex and Tic complex. ◆It is initiated by energy-independent binding of the precursor protein to surface exposed receptors followed by GTP- andATP dependent partialtransloc