创伤失血性休克研究与治疗的一些进展ppt课件.ppt

Anesthesia Machine;;Definition; The function of the anesthesia machine is to prepare a gas mixture of precisely known but variable composition. The machine provides a controlled flow of oxygen, nitrous oxide, air, and anesthetic vapors. These are delivered to a breathing system, which provides a means to deliver positive pressure ventilation and to control alveolar carbon dioxide by minimizing rebreathing and/or by absorbing carbon dioxide. A mechanical ventilator is connected to the breathing system, freeing up the anesthetists hands for other tasks. Several types of monitors are used to observe the function of the system, to detect equipment failures, and; Made in China; Drager Narkomed 2A; Ohmeda Aestiva;A Datex Ohmeda British machine; The commonest type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine, which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases ( such as oxygen and nitrous oxide ), mixed with an accurate concentration of anesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane), and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow. Modern machines incorporate a ventilator, suction unit, and patient-monitoring devices.;A schematic diagram of an anesthesia machine;Non-rebreathing Systems;rebreathing system (Vaporizer-in-the-Circle);rebreathing system(Vaporizer-out-of-the-Circle);Ⅰ The gas delivery system  Ⅰ-Ⅰ Oxygen supply Ⅰ-Ⅱ Piped gases Ⅰ-Ⅲ Flow control valves Ⅰ-Ⅳ Flowmeters Ⅰ-Ⅴ Vaporizers Ⅰ-Ⅵ The common gas outlet  Ⅰ-Ⅶ Oxygen flush valve; ;2. Oxygen bank (smaller oxygen cylinders or tanks); Ⅰ-Ⅱ Piped gases;Outlet of central oxygen supply system;1. A full cylinder of oxygen (in size E) has a pressure of 2,000 to 2,200 psi and contains the equivalent of 660 L of gas at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The oxygen