南极臭氧层破洞超过北美面积.DOCVIP

南極臭氧層破洞 超過北美面積 【聯合報／編譯陳宜君／路透華盛頓十九日電】 2006.10.21 02:33 am ? 美國太空總署表示，南極臭氧層破洞在今年九月廿一至卅日間的平均面積，為歷年觀察結果之最，達兩千七百四十萬平方公里。圖中藍紫兩色是臭氧層最稀薄的部分，綠、黃、紅三色代表臭氧層比較厚。美聯社 美國科學家十九日發布報告指出，今年南極上空臭氧層破洞又大又深，刷新歷來紀錄。 美國國家航空暨太空總署（NASA）哥達德太空飛行中心科學家紐曼表示，南極臭氧層破洞在九月廿一至卅日之間的平均面積，為歷年觀察結果之最，達兩千七百四十萬平方公里。 太空總署在聲明中指出，若同溫層氣候狀況正常，臭氧破洞的面積預料約在兩千三百萬至兩千四百萬平方公里之間，約相當於北美洲的面積。 科學家以DU作為測量地表至上大氣層之間臭氧含量的單位。太空總署的衛星十月八日在南極東部冰原測得的數值為八十五DU，含量偏低。美國國家海洋與大氣總署的科學家利用熱氣球載運的設備測量南極點上空的臭氧量，發現九月三日含量為九十三DU，但七月中旬仍有約三百DU。 南極同溫層的溫度變化會造成臭氧層破洞情況每年改變，溫度較低會使破洞變大、變深，溫度較高則使情況相反。今年低同溫層的溫度約為攝氏五度，低於歷年平均。 臭氧層可阻擋陽光的有害紫外線抵達地球，南極的臭氧層每年越來越薄，主要是因為人工化學物將會侵蝕臭氧的氯與溴釋放到同溫層。 【2006/10/21 聯合報】@ / Ozone Hole Reaches Record Size “From September 21 to 30, [2006], the average area of the ozone hole was the largest ever observed, at 10.6 million square miles,” said Paul Newman, atmospheric scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. Newman was joined by other scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in reporting that the ozone hole over the polar region of the Southern Hemisphere broke records for both area and depth in 2006. A little over a week after the ozone hole sustained its new record high for average area, satellites and balloon-based instruments recorded the lowest concentrations of ozone ever observed over Antarctica, making the ozone hole the deepest it had ever been. This image, made from data collected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA’s Aura satellite, shows the Antarctic ozone hole on September 24, 2006. The blues and purples that cover most of Antarctica illustrate where ozone levels were low, while greens, yellows, and red point to higher ozone levels. On September 24, the ozone hole covered an area of 11.4 million square miles, matching the single-day record area previously observed on September 9, 2000. The new record set in 2006, by contrast, was for the largest average area over an 11-day period, indicating that the hole stayed larger for longer than it ever has b