X－Y数控工作台设计 (毕业论文)说明书.docVIP

河南科技大学 毕业设计说明书 （机电一体化工程） 题 目： X－Y数控工作台设计 指导老师： 姓 名： 专 业： 机械设计与制造 班 级： 机制0804 河南省高等教育自学考试 X－Y数控工作台设计 摘 要 数控机床是机、电等多学科各种高科技的综合性组合，特别是以电子、计算机等现代先进技术为基石，必须具有巩固的技术基础，互相配套，缺一不可。当今世界电子技术迅速发展，微处理器、微型计算机在各技术领域得到了广泛应用，对各领域技术的发展起到了极大的推动作用。一个较完善的机电一体化系统，应包含以下几个基本要素：机械本体、动力与驱动部分、执行机构、传感测试部分、控制及信息处理部分。机电一体化是系统技术、计算机与信息处理技术、自动控制技术、检测传感技术、伺服传动技术和机械技术等多学科技术领域综合交叉的技术密集型系统工程。 本文的设计主要分为两部分即电气控制和机械传动部分，电气控制部分采用89C51系列单片即作为CPU，机械部分的传动元件主要有齿轮副、滚珠丝杠副和滚动导轨副，其中滚珠丝杠较螺纹传动效率更高，且精度也大大的提高了，滚动导轨是直线移动部件中最优的，也是效率最高的，主要是因为是摩擦系数小，且维护简单，并且能精确地定位。系统整体的精度、效率、可靠性都得到了很大的提高，能保证加工的顺利进行。 关键词：单片机 滚珠丝杠 步进电动机 滚动导轨 ABSTRACT CNC machine tools is the mechanical, electrical and other multi-disciplinary comprehensive combination of various high-tech, especially on electronics, computers and other advanced technology as the cornerstone of modern, must have a solid technological foundation, supporting each other, are indispensable. If not available, then the smooth development of CNC machine tools is difficult. This paper is divided into two parts, the design of electrical control and mechanical drive that is part of the electric control part adopts the 89C51 family as a single CPU, using the direct control of stepper motor P1 port, eliminating the hardware unit ring distributor, making the system more simple of a large number of optical isolators, the strength and weaknesses of the system separate electrical system, so that it can be their own work independently, without causing strong electricity system weak system interference. Other components using the 8255 expansion of the system to meet the needs of users, but also not enough to solve the contradiction between the port and improve the efficiency of the system, using software instead of hardware to implement the circular distribution, so that the compilation process easier. Mechanical transmission components mainly gears, ball screw and rolling guide vice, whic