液体曲论文主体.docVIP

摘 要 液体曲是将曲霉培养在液体基质中，通入无菌空气，使它生长繁殖和产酶，这种含有曲霉菌体和酶的培养液就叫液体曲。本试验利用黑曲霉、米曲霉、根霉为菌种，试验溶剂：氢氧化钠溶液、麦芽糖、1%淀粉溶液、3,5-二硝基水杨酸、柠檬酸溶液、柠檬酸钠溶液。实验仪器用到：超净工作台、恒温培养箱、摇床、电炉、恒温水浴锅、分析天平、高速冷冻离心机。实验原理是：淀粉酶主要包括α－淀粉酶和β－淀粉酶两种。α－淀粉酶可随机地作用于淀粉中的α－１,４糖苷键，生成葡萄糖、麦芽糖、麦芽三塘、糊精等还原糖同时使淀粉的粘度降低，因此又称为液化酶。β－淀粉酶可从淀粉的非还原性末端进行水解，每次水解下一份子麦芽糖，又被称为糖化酶。淀粉酶催化产生的这些还原糖能使３，５－二硝基水杨酸还原，生成棕红色的３－氨基－５－硝基水杨酸。淀粉酶活力的大小与产生的还原糖的量成正比。用标准浓度的麦芽糖溶液制作标准曲线，用比色法测定淀粉酶作用与淀粉后生成的还原糖的量，以单位重量样品在一定时间内生成的麦芽糖的量表示酶活力。本试验采用比色法和分光光度计发测出淀粉酶活力。实验中做了黑曲霉的培养时间、培养温度单因素试验；米曲霉的培养时间、培养温度单因素试验。在总结单因素试验结果的基础上又做了三水平四因素的正交试验。四个因素分别是：菌种、培养温度、培养时间、通气量。正交试验结果分析得出了最佳实验组，找到了最适液体曲发酵的菌种和培养条件并在此条件下达到良好的实验结果。从正交试验极差表中分析出：菌种和通气量离散幅度最大，其次是培养时间，影响最小的是菌种。根据方差分析表F值检验可以看出通气量和培养温度对于液体发酵后淀粉酶活力在0.05水平上有显著差异，而菌种和培养时间则没有显著差异。说明控制好通气量和培养温度对于提高液体曲发酵淀粉酶活力具有明显的相关性。 关键词：液体曲；糖化力；酒精；α-淀粉酶 Abstract Liquid starter is Aspergillus cultured in liquid medium，Pass into the sterile air，Make it growth and enzyme production，The Aspergillus thalli and enzyme liquid medium。This test using aspergillus, m aspergillus and rhizopus were, test solvent: sodium hydroxide solution, maltose, 1% starch solution, 3, 5-two nitro salicylic acid, citric acid solution, citric acid sodium solution. The experiment instrument need: super clean bench, the constant temperature incubator, wave bed, electric stove, constant temperature water-bath water pot, analysis, high speed freeze centrifuge scales. Experiment principle is: amylase mainly includes alpha amylase and beta amylase two kinds. Alpha amylase can be randomly in the role of the starch alpha 1, 4 glycosidic bond, generating glucose, maltose, malt three pond, and at the same time reducing the inclusion of starch viscosity decreased, so called liquefaction enzymes. Beta amylase from the end of the starch are reducing hydrolysis, every time a member under the hydrolysis maltose, also called saccharifying enzyme. Amylase produced the reducing of the catalyst can make 3, 5-two nitro salicylic acid reduction, generation of palm red 3-amino-5-the nitro salicylic acid.