NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY眼科疾病.pptVIP

NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY Clinical Examination Visual Acuity Colour Vision Visual Fields Pupils Normal Eye and Optic Disc The swollen optic disc The pale optic disc Papilloedema Disc swelling secondary to raised ICP Headache Worse in the morning Valsalva manouver Nausea and projectile vomiting Horizontal diplopia (VI palsy) Causes Space occupying lesion Intracranial hypertension Idiopathic Drugs Endocrine Severe hypertension Pupils First Order – Retina to Pretectal Nucleus in B/S (at level of Superior colliculus) Second Order – Pretectal nucleus to E/W nucleus