行为学的利用时间分配跟改善奶牛福利跟生产性能的理念.pdf

Taking advantage of behavior: Time budgets and other concepts to promote well-being and productivity 行为学的利用：时间分配及改善奶牛福利及生产 性能的理念 Peter Krawczel, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Animal Science Adisseo China Workshop Beijing, China Typical time budget for lactating dairy cow 泌乳奶牛典型的时间分配  Basic behavioral needs (Grant, 2007): 最基本的需要  3 to 5 h/d eating 3-5小时/天的采食时间  10 to 14 h/d lying (resting) 10-14小时/天休息时间（卧倒）  2 to 3 h/d standing/walking in alley 2-3小时/天站立及行走 (grooming, agonistic, estrous activity)  ~0.5 h/d drinking 约0.5小时饮水  General time budget confirmed by evaluation of 16 commercial herds (Gomez and Cook, 2010) 这些时间分配是通过16个牧场牛群评估后得出的 Assessment of variation in lying time 卧倒时间变异的分析 Ito et al., 2009 How much of a problem is overcrowding? 过度拥挤是多大的问题  Varies by region (BC, CA, NE- US)…不同区域的差异  Feed bunk (58 to 228%) BC – 116% CA – 94% NE-US – 142% Freestall (71 to 197%) 卧床 Across regions 60% of high groups were overstocked (von Keyserlingk et al., 2012) Basic research design for overstocking 过度拥挤基础研究设计 Stalls Headlocks blocked blocked CON = 0 CON = 13 FH = 10 FH = 23 FHA = 10 FHA = 23 GRP = 0 GRP = 13 Bioequivalence of response to stocking density treatments: Part 1 不同存栏密度处理的生物等效性反应 Treatments compared 不同处理 变量 Equiv