CSE 520 Computer Architecture Lec 4 – Quantifying Cost,.ppt

1/28/2004 CSE 520 Fall 2007 CS252 S05 CSE 520 Computer Architecture Lec 4 – Quantifying Cost, Energy-Consumption, Performance, and Dependability (Chapter 1) Sandeep K. S. Gupta School of Computing and Informatics Arizona State University Moore’s Law gets life-term extension “Intel, IBM unveil new chip technology - Breakthrough, using new material, will allow processors to become smaller and more powerful” – CNN Money /2007/01/27/technology/bc.microchips.reut/index.htm?cnn=yes “Intel Corp. and IBM have announced one of the biggest advances in transistors in four decades, overcoming a frustrating obstacle by ensuring microchips can get even smaller and more powerful.” “The latest breakthrough means Intel, IBM and others can proceed with technology roadmaps that call for the next generation of chips to be made with circuitry as small as 45 nanometers, about 1/2000th the width of a human hair.” “Researchers are optimistic the new technology can be used at least through two more technology generations out, when circuitry will be just 22 nanometers. “ “This gives the entire chip industry a new life in terms of Moore’s Law, in all three of the big metrics – performance, power consumption, and transistor density,” – David Lammers, director, WeSRCH.com – social networking site for semiconductor enthusiasts (part of VLSI Research Inc.) What is the Breakthrough? “How to reduce energy loss in microchips transistors as the technology shrinks as the transistor shrinks to the atomic scale?” “The problem is that the silicon dioxide used for mote than 40 years as an insulator inside transistors has been shaved so thin that an increasing amount of current is seeping through, wasting electricity and generating unnecessary heat.” “[Intel and IBM] have discovered a way to replace [SiO2] with various metals [e.g Intel is using silvery metal called hafnium] in parts called the gate, which turns the transistor on and off, and the gate dielectric, and insulating layer, which helps impr